"Basic mechanical design" as a major foundation courses, are machinery, machine near the backbone of the professional curriculum. At my school, mainly for mechanical Institute, Materials Institute students, as well as the Institute of Electrical automation, civil engineering institute, the students, such as food must institute classes.
(4) Course Aim
Type of machinery, machine type near students: A major foundation of knowledge, cultivate innovative mechanical design capability and design capabilities. Combination of experiments, the students cultivate practical ability. Training students to observe, recognize, theoretical analysis and practical design, etc. General knowledge and methods. The curriculum for the follow-up study to lay a solid foundation.
Other professional students: Learn and acquire a certain amount of mechanical expertise, training students to master the initial observation, understanding, theoretical analysis and practical design, etc. General knowledge and methods. Follow-up professional courses for students to lay a foundation major machinery.
"Basic mechanical design" curriculum through classroom teaching, curriculum design of experiments and the three main aspect of teaching students with professional knowledge and basic skills. To teaching as a classroom, through multi-media courseware and teaching resources, the basic theory, design methods, as well as the latest achievements of modern combination of financial knowledge, capacity-building and quality education as a whole. Through experimental teaching to do the experiment must elect to do the experiment, presentation type, design type, an innovative combination of various experiments, students cultivate the ability of innovative design, laboratory capacity and practical ability. Curriculum design through the theory of knowledge and design capability to combine the questions, students cultivate the ability of the initial mechanical design.
Curriculum focus: connecting rod mechanism, cam mechanism, gear mechanism, gear drive, belt drive, chain drive and shaft;
Difficult curriculum: This course is a theoretical, highly practical courses, are more involved in knowledge, some have a certain degree of difficulty, especially the theory of knowledge and design capability are the transition between the main difficulty of this course.
Solution: curriculum for the characteristics of our methodology are:
(1) the use of pictures, videos, procedures vivid, intuitive classroom instruction, students develop knowledge;
(2) through classroom teaching and experimental combination, further study to consolidate the knowledge;
(3) the use of network technology, curriculum-related information will be put online for students. At the same time, both inside and outside the counseling classes, Q & A;
(4) homework and outside class, practice, students do to enhance the ability to consolidate learning;
(5) through the curriculum design, the ability of students to carry out a comprehensive training and training.
Woodworking Technology
Carpentry skills
Contents
Preparation of notes
Preface
One topic of professional ethics and safety knowledge
Section I of professional ethics
First, vocational and professional ethics
Second, the basic norms of professional ethics
Section II of the fire safety construction requirements and the production of knowledge
First, wood fire safety
Second, knowledge of carpentry safety in production
Third, the safe operation of hand woodworking tools
Two basic knowledge of woodworking topics
Section I of woodworking knowledge map
First, know the methods of map
Two, cutaway view of the reader and the sectional drawing
Three, spare parts and components map map reading
Four, the reader assembly
Section II of commonly used tools and equipment ready
First, commonly used measuring
Two, crossed instrument
Three, saw-type tool
Four, planing tools
Friday, Drilling tools
Six, hammer, ax
Seven, hand-held electric saw
Eight, portable planer
Nine, hand-held grinder
Ten, hand-held electric drill
Materials used in section III
First, commonly used adhesive
Two commonly used metal fittings
Three, timber
Four man-made sheet
Materials and construction of the fourth quarter kept ready
1, Flammability of Materials
Two, material custody, piling up the principle of
Three, face cleaning and hygiene conditions
Four, the construction of technical preparation
Three issues of finish of wood products and wood products ingredients machining
Section I of finish wood products ingredients of knowledge
First, timber defects
Second, the election materials
Three, ingredients
Four, allowance
Section II, a round wooden timber
First, production processes of wood
Two, the sawing process
Section III, the processing of solid wood components
First, cutting the wool processing
Skills training and one linear-shaped surface of the wool processing line
Second.
2 puzzle skills processing structure
Three, hole, slot, CD I
3 Doors processing skills and the cap side of club head
Four, tenon joints
The following four topics 12m wooden frame and roof construction wood grass-roots
Section I like the production of 12m in accordance with the following large wooden frame
First, wooden frame structure knowledge
Two, wooden frame arch camber knowledge
Three, 12m below the production of wooden frame
Skills training for production and assembly 4 1 10 as shown in Figure 4 wooden frame
Section II 12m aircraft following the installation of wooden
First, the installation process wooden frame
Second, the installation of wooden aircraft operating points
Section III of wood roofing and installation of the production of grass-roots
First, the composition
Second, wood roofing process the order of the operation of the grass-roots level
Three, wood purlin production and installation of the main points
Four, wood rafters of the production and installation of the main points
Friday, nail shop roof elements
Six, linoleum nailed the main points of the Shop
Seven, be linked to the Shop-watt nail points
Eight, closed canopies and mountain board shop nail plate elements
Section IV of quality standards, inspection and construction of NOTES
First, the production of wooden frame of the quality standards
Two, wooden frame assembly quality standards
Third, the production and installation of wooden frame in the common quality problems
Four, wooden roof construction quality standards for grass-roots
Friday, Construction Notes
Friday template topic and wood doors and windows wood
Section I of the construction of wooden template
First, the types and uses of the template
Second, wood template forces
Three, wood arch camber template knowledge and preparation requirements
Four general prefabricated template
Friday, quality standards and construction of NOTES
Section II of the construction of wooden doors and windows
First, the types of wood doors and windows and construction of knowledge
Second, the production of wooden doors and windows
5 skills in the production of wooden doors as shown in Figure 5.10
Third, the installation of wooden doors and windows
Fourth, quality standards, testing and installation of Attention
Six wooden interior decoration issues
Suspended roof section I of the general case, the keel and the installation of panels
First, the composition of the ceiling
The grassroots ceiling installation
6 skills to install light steel keel gypsum board
Third, the installation of ceiling surface
Four, the ceiling should be noted that the quality of the construction problem
Section II Paving plastic floor
First, plastic floor Paving Process order
Second, plastic floor Paving operation points
Three, plastic floor construction and the prevention of quality defects
Shop space in section III of the laying of wooden floor
First, wood flooring types and characteristics of
Two air Shop wood floor structure
Three, Shop wooden floor and air operation process sequence
7 skills wooden floor space Shop
Section IV General curtains, windowsill board production installation
First, the production of wooden curtain installation
8 produced a skills training in home decoration curtain
Second, the production of wood panels installed bay windows
9 production of a skills training in home decoration windowsill board
Three, wood structure and moisture-proof wall between the treatment methods
Seven subjects produced wood furniture
Section I of the classification of wood furniture
First, according to the basic functions of sub -
Two, according to the basic form of sub -
Three, by the use of sub-sites
Four, according to the production of furniture, the main materials
Friday, style points by time
Six, by way of sub-structure
Seven, according to the structure of type
Eight, according to the structure constitutes a sub -
9, by placing the form of sub -
Examples of furniture produced in section II
Skills training for the production of 10 stool
Skills training for the production of 11 stool
Skills training for the production of chair 12
Eight issues and organize workers at the scene after the quality inspection
Organize workers at the scene after the first section
First, the requirements of civilized construction site
Second, wood products after the completion of clean-up
Section II of the quality inspection
First, the general quality of wood products inspection programs and inspection methods
Two common quality defects and the repairing method of prevention and treatment
Contents
Preparation of notes
Preface
One topic of professional ethics and safety knowledge
Section I of professional ethics
First, vocational and professional ethics
Second, the basic norms of professional ethics
Section II of the fire safety construction requirements and the production of knowledge
First, wood fire safety
Second, knowledge of carpentry safety in production
Third, the safe operation of hand woodworking tools
Two basic knowledge of woodworking topics
Section I of woodworking knowledge map
First, know the methods of map
Two, cutaway view of the reader and the sectional drawing
Three, spare parts and components map map reading
Four, the reader assembly
Section II of commonly used tools and equipment ready
First, commonly used measuring
Two, crossed instrument
Three, saw-type tool
Four, planing tools
Friday, Drilling tools
Six, hammer, ax
Seven, hand-held electric saw
Eight, portable planer
Nine, hand-held grinder
Ten, hand-held electric drill
Materials used in section III
First, commonly used adhesive
Two commonly used metal fittings
Three, timber
Four man-made sheet
Materials and construction of the fourth quarter kept ready
1, Flammability of Materials
Two, material custody, piling up the principle of
Three, face cleaning and hygiene conditions
Four, the construction of technical preparation
Three issues of finish of wood products and wood products ingredients machining
Section I of finish wood products ingredients of knowledge
First, timber defects
Second, the election materials
Three, ingredients
Four, allowance
Section II, a round wooden timber
First, production processes of wood
Two, the sawing process
Section III, the processing of solid wood components
First, cutting the wool processing
Skills training and one linear-shaped surface of the wool processing line
Second.
2 puzzle skills processing structure
Three, hole, slot, CD I
3 Doors processing skills and the cap side of club head
Four, tenon joints
The following four topics 12m wooden frame and roof construction wood grass-roots
Section I like the production of 12m in accordance with the following large wooden frame
First, wooden frame structure knowledge
Two, wooden frame arch camber knowledge
Three, 12m below the production of wooden frame
Skills training for production and assembly 4 1 10 as shown in Figure 4 wooden frame
Section II 12m aircraft following the installation of wooden
First, the installation process wooden frame
Second, the installation of wooden aircraft operating points
Section III of wood roofing and installation of the production of grass-roots
First, the composition
Second, wood roofing process the order of the operation of the grass-roots level
Three, wood purlin production and installation of the main points
Four, wood rafters of the production and installation of the main points
Friday, nail shop roof elements
Six, linoleum nailed the main points of the Shop
Seven, be linked to the Shop-watt nail points
Eight, closed canopies and mountain board shop nail plate elements
Section IV of quality standards, inspection and construction of NOTES
First, the production of wooden frame of the quality standards
Two, wooden frame assembly quality standards
Third, the production and installation of wooden frame in the common quality problems
Four, wooden roof construction quality standards for grass-roots
Friday, Construction Notes
Friday template topic and wood doors and windows wood
Section I of the construction of wooden template
First, the types and uses of the template
Second, wood template forces
Three, wood arch camber template knowledge and preparation requirements
Four general prefabricated template
Friday, quality standards and construction of NOTES
Section II of the construction of wooden doors and windows
First, the types of wood doors and windows and construction of knowledge
Second, the production of wooden doors and windows
5 skills in the production of wooden doors as shown in Figure 5.10
Third, the installation of wooden doors and windows
Fourth, quality standards, testing and installation of Attention
Six wooden interior decoration issues
Suspended roof section I of the general case, the keel and the installation of panels
First, the composition of the ceiling
The grassroots ceiling installation
6 skills to install light steel keel gypsum board
Third, the installation of ceiling surface
Four, the ceiling should be noted that the quality of the construction problem
Section II Paving plastic floor
First, plastic floor Paving Process order
Second, plastic floor Paving operation points
Three, plastic floor construction and the prevention of quality defects
Shop space in section III of the laying of wooden floor
First, wood flooring types and characteristics of
Two air Shop wood floor structure
Three, Shop wooden floor and air operation process sequence
7 skills wooden floor space Shop
Section IV General curtains, windowsill board production installation
First, the production of wooden curtain installation
8 produced a skills training in home decoration curtain
Second, the production of wood panels installed bay windows
9 production of a skills training in home decoration windowsill board
Three, wood structure and moisture-proof wall between the treatment methods
Seven subjects produced wood furniture
Section I of the classification of wood furniture
First, according to the basic functions of sub -
Two, according to the basic form of sub -
Three, by the use of sub-sites
Four, according to the production of furniture, the main materials
Friday, style points by time
Six, by way of sub-structure
Seven, according to the structure of type
Eight, according to the structure constitutes a sub -
9, by placing the form of sub -
Examples of furniture produced in section II
Skills training for the production of 10 stool
Skills training for the production of 11 stool
Skills training for the production of chair 12
Eight issues and organize workers at the scene after the quality inspection
Organize workers at the scene after the first section
First, the requirements of civilized construction site
Second, wood products after the completion of clean-up
Section II of the quality inspection
First, the general quality of wood products inspection programs and inspection methods
Two common quality defects and the repairing method of prevention and treatment
Meat grinder using tips
(1) before cleaning the various parts of the parts can be cleaned (see instructions).
(2) well-assembled after the electricity until the machine is operating normally, and then add the meat.
(3) meat grinder before boning the meat into small pieces (fine strips), so as not to damage the machine.
(4) electric boot, to be operating normally, and then add the meat.
(5) add the meat must be uniform, not too much, so as not to affect the electrical damage, such as found in abnormal operation of the machine should immediately cut off the power supply, the reasons for downtime after the inspection.
(6) found such as leakage, brand, such as faults, they should immediately cut off the power supply, look for electrical repair, boot repair shall not be unauthorized.
(7) turn off the power after use. And to all parts cleaned, Drain water put it in a dry place standby.
(2) well-assembled after the electricity until the machine is operating normally, and then add the meat.
(3) meat grinder before boning the meat into small pieces (fine strips), so as not to damage the machine.
(4) electric boot, to be operating normally, and then add the meat.
(5) add the meat must be uniform, not too much, so as not to affect the electrical damage, such as found in abnormal operation of the machine should immediately cut off the power supply, the reasons for downtime after the inspection.
(6) found such as leakage, brand, such as faults, they should immediately cut off the power supply, look for electrical repair, boot repair shall not be unauthorized.
(7) turn off the power after use. And to all parts cleaned, Drain water put it in a dry place standby.
Life Insurance
Personal insurance protection is the human body, the life span of people. The basic elements of life insurance are: the insured (that is, people buy insurance) to the insurance company to pay a certain amount of insurance premiums, the insured person when the event of death, disability, disease, such as accident insurance, or live to the age of contract, insurance companies to the insured person or their dependents must pay the amount of insurance payments.
Insurance industry would normally be said that life insurance can be
Assist the public to solve the two major life questions: First, people die prematurely in case of questions; are two people live too long in case of questions. Why? This life insurance from the main functions of the two talking about. First of all, life insurance can be insured at the unfortunate deceased person to the bereaved family must be able to obtain financial compensation in order to maintain life and to pay debt; Secondly, life insurance can help people save money for future pension requirements. As played by these two tools, insurance products have one big advantage is that, according to China's tax law, insurance claims may be exempt from personal income tax.
Personal insurance, including life insurance, accident insurance and health insurance in three parts. In personal insurance, life insurance accounted for the vast majority (typically more than 80%).
Life insurance also can be divided into the survival of insurance, death insurance and insurance co-existence. Survive the so-called insurance, that is, if the insurance people to live up to the contract agreement on the age, insurance companies must be paid to the insurance money. Death insurance the contrary, if the insured person in the insurance contract when the unfortunate death of an effective, insurance companies must give the designated beneficiary of the payment. Well, regardless of life and death, want to have from how to do? Co-existence of insurance could meet this demand: the insured person is alive, the survival of insurance companies will pay insurance premiums; unfortunate death of the insured person, insurance companies pay death benefits.
Insurance industry would normally be said that life insurance can be
Assist the public to solve the two major life questions: First, people die prematurely in case of questions; are two people live too long in case of questions. Why? This life insurance from the main functions of the two talking about. First of all, life insurance can be insured at the unfortunate deceased person to the bereaved family must be able to obtain financial compensation in order to maintain life and to pay debt; Secondly, life insurance can help people save money for future pension requirements. As played by these two tools, insurance products have one big advantage is that, according to China's tax law, insurance claims may be exempt from personal income tax.
Personal insurance, including life insurance, accident insurance and health insurance in three parts. In personal insurance, life insurance accounted for the vast majority (typically more than 80%).
Life insurance also can be divided into the survival of insurance, death insurance and insurance co-existence. Survive the so-called insurance, that is, if the insurance people to live up to the contract agreement on the age, insurance companies must be paid to the insurance money. Death insurance the contrary, if the insured person in the insurance contract when the unfortunate death of an effective, insurance companies must give the designated beneficiary of the payment. Well, regardless of life and death, want to have from how to do? Co-existence of insurance could meet this demand: the insured person is alive, the survival of insurance companies will pay insurance premiums; unfortunate death of the insured person, insurance companies pay death benefits.
Electric tool repair book
Description
Introduction of this book at the main building and decoration works instrument commonly used in the repair of electric technology, electric tools such as failure analysis and repair, electric motor winding instrument used the method of calculating rewind and repair technology. The book included a typical example of a model electric tool repair, machine integration, discussed in layman's language, user-friendly, with a focus and difficult prominent, very practical; in tabular form fault situation, causes and troubleshooting methods, access is very convenient . Treasury cultural program with middle school staff, can easily read the book. This book suitable building with indoor and outdoor decoration workers, electric instrument repair workers reading use, can be used as re-employment of technical staff induction training materials, is also a vast number of electricians and electrical technicians should be the acquisition of technical manuals.
Contents
Chapter I sets out
Chapter II motors and electric tools electrical components
Chapter III of the use of electric drills and maintenance
Chapter IV of the impact of the use and maintenance of an electric drill
Chapter V of the use and maintenance of Electric Hammer
Chapter VI electric angle grinder, sanding machine, polishing machine use and maintenance
Chapter VII of the use of electric circular saw repair
Chapter VIII electric stone cutting machine use and maintenance
Chapter IX of the use of electric saws repair curve
Chapter X woodworking planer hand-held use and repair
Chapter XI electric spray gun use and repair
Chapter XII abrasive belt grinder electric use and repair
Chapter XIII of the use of electric welding and repair
Chapter XIV concrete vibrator use and repair
Chapter XVI power tools and maintenance of the safety questions set up the Ministry of Ways
Introduction of this book at the main building and decoration works instrument commonly used in the repair of electric technology, electric tools such as failure analysis and repair, electric motor winding instrument used the method of calculating rewind and repair technology. The book included a typical example of a model electric tool repair, machine integration, discussed in layman's language, user-friendly, with a focus and difficult prominent, very practical; in tabular form fault situation, causes and troubleshooting methods, access is very convenient . Treasury cultural program with middle school staff, can easily read the book. This book suitable building with indoor and outdoor decoration workers, electric instrument repair workers reading use, can be used as re-employment of technical staff induction training materials, is also a vast number of electricians and electrical technicians should be the acquisition of technical manuals.
Contents
Chapter I sets out
Chapter II motors and electric tools electrical components
Chapter III of the use of electric drills and maintenance
Chapter IV of the impact of the use and maintenance of an electric drill
Chapter V of the use and maintenance of Electric Hammer
Chapter VI electric angle grinder, sanding machine, polishing machine use and maintenance
Chapter VII of the use of electric circular saw repair
Chapter VIII electric stone cutting machine use and maintenance
Chapter IX of the use of electric saws repair curve
Chapter X woodworking planer hand-held use and repair
Chapter XI electric spray gun use and repair
Chapter XII abrasive belt grinder electric use and repair
Chapter XIII of the use of electric welding and repair
Chapter XIV concrete vibrator use and repair
Chapter XVI power tools and maintenance of the safety questions set up the Ministry of Ways
Electric Vehicle repair
1, lubrication and maintenance are an important aspect of electric vehicles should be front axle, the central axis, flywheel, front fork shock absorber components, such as rotating the fulcrum of every six months to a year to conduct a scrub, on-demand add butter or oil.
2, adjust the brake system: The brake wire on the mounting screws loose, and then tightening or relaxing the brake wire, so that both sides of the brake block away from the cars circle the average distance of 1.5mm? D 2mm then tighten screws.
3, the electric line sometimes after a period of time the chain will be loose, adjust as follows:
Release the rear axle nut, screw tight chain will be deployed until the chain of elastic moderate, bearing in mind the rear wheel with the frame in parallel, and then tighten the nut on both sides. If the chain is tight, according to the above-mentioned method of reverse operation. Appropriate chain of elastic (sag 10mm? D15mm).
4, adjusting the level handlebar, the saddle on the attention of the security thread should not be exposed. And pay attention to the core screw fastening torque is not less than 18N.m.
5, adjusting the high and low saddle, the saddle on the attention of the security thread should not be exposed, and attention to saddle clamping nut and saddle tube clamp bolt fastening torque is not less than 18N.m.
6, to carry out regular checks brakes performance is good, pay attention to rain, snow and the next ride to increase braking distance.
2, adjust the brake system: The brake wire on the mounting screws loose, and then tightening or relaxing the brake wire, so that both sides of the brake block away from the cars circle the average distance of 1.5mm? D 2mm then tighten screws.
3, the electric line sometimes after a period of time the chain will be loose, adjust as follows:
Release the rear axle nut, screw tight chain will be deployed until the chain of elastic moderate, bearing in mind the rear wheel with the frame in parallel, and then tighten the nut on both sides. If the chain is tight, according to the above-mentioned method of reverse operation. Appropriate chain of elastic (sag 10mm? D15mm).
4, adjusting the level handlebar, the saddle on the attention of the security thread should not be exposed. And pay attention to the core screw fastening torque is not less than 18N.m.
5, adjusting the high and low saddle, the saddle on the attention of the security thread should not be exposed, and attention to saddle clamping nut and saddle tube clamp bolt fastening torque is not less than 18N.m.
6, to carry out regular checks brakes performance is good, pay attention to rain, snow and the next ride to increase braking distance.
type of CNC machine tools
At present, a lot of varieties of NC machine tools are usually several ways according to the following classification.
First, by way of sports classification
1, point-point control system control system control system are index only tool or machine tool control table, from the point Zonghuai indeed to move to another point, and between points and the trajectories do not need to exercise strict control system. In order to reduce the moving parts of exercise time and location, generally fast-moving first to the finish line near the location, then to low-speed and accurate positioning to move to the end position, in order to ensure good positioning accuracy. Moving the cutting tool is not. The use of such control systems have CNC jig borer, CNC drilling machine, CNC punching machine and so on.
2, point linear control system point linear control systems are control systems not only control the index or table knives and accurately from one point to move to the next point, but also to ensure that the exercise between two points is a straight-line trajectory of the control system. Mobile Tool cutting process can be carried out. Application of such control systems have CNC lathe, CNC drilling machine and CNC milling machine and so on.
3, contour control system control system, also known as contour cutting continuous control systems, control systems are able to index two or more axes simultaneously strictly continuous control system. It is not only moving parts that can be controlled from one point Zonghuai indeed point to move to another, but also control the entire process every point of the speed and amount of displacement will be processed into certain parts of the contour shape. Application of such control systems have CNC milling machine, CNC lathe, CNC machine tools and processing gear center.
Two, by control classification
1, open-loop control of CNC machine tools
Open-loop control system characteristics of the system are not detected feedback devices, one-way information transmission instruction, and instruction is issued, no feedback, so that the open-loop control.
By the stepper motor step accuracy and frequency, as well as transmission of the driving accuracy the impact of open-loop system in terms of speed and accuracy are lower. However, because of the open-loop control structure is simple and debugging easy maintenance, lower cost, are still being widely used on CNC machine tools.
2, semi-closed-loop control of CNC machine tools
Semi-closed-loop control of CNC machine tools is not a direct measurement of the displacement table, instead of using the angle of displacement detection components, measured servo motor or screw corner table projected actual displacement, feedback to the computer in the location of comparison, compared with the margin control. Because there is no feedback loop contains the table, so that semi-closed-loop control.
Semi-closed-loop control closed-loop control accuracy than bad, but good stability, lower cost, easier to debug than the repair, taking into account the open-loop control and closed-loop control characteristics of the two, so the more general application.
3, the closed-loop control of CNC machine tools
Closed-loop control system is characterized by the use of the installation work at the stage of detection components will be the actual table displacement feedback to the computer with the location of instructions required to compare the difference compared with control, until the margin eliminated. Can be seen that the closed-loop control system can eliminate all kinds of mechanical transmission components and workpiece error process generated by the impact of interference, thus greatly improve machining accuracy. The role of speed detection devices are servo motor will be converted into the actual speed signal to the speed control circuit, the feedback correction, guaranteed to keep the motor speed constant. Speed detection devices are commonly used electrical velocimetry.
Closed-loop control is characterized by high precision machining, mobile speed. This type of CNC machine tools using DC servo motor or AC servo motor as the drive components, motor control circuit is rather complicated, expensive detection devices. Debug and repair and therefore more complex and costly.
Three, according to technology use classification
Use classification by technology, CNC machine tools can be divided into the CNC drilling machine, lathe, milling machine, boring machine, grinding machine and gear machine tools, as well as ballast bed, punching machine, bending machine, electric spark cutting machine, flame cutting machines.
Machining center with a knife are the Treasury and automatic tool changing device of the CNC machine tools, it can achieve on a wide range of machine tool processing. Workpiece clamping time, to be completed by a variety of processing, saving hours of work aids, and improve machining accuracy. Machining Center is especially suitable for cabinet, casing processing. Turning machining center to be completed for all rotary machining.
First, by way of sports classification
1, point-point control system control system control system are index only tool or machine tool control table, from the point Zonghuai indeed to move to another point, and between points and the trajectories do not need to exercise strict control system. In order to reduce the moving parts of exercise time and location, generally fast-moving first to the finish line near the location, then to low-speed and accurate positioning to move to the end position, in order to ensure good positioning accuracy. Moving the cutting tool is not. The use of such control systems have CNC jig borer, CNC drilling machine, CNC punching machine and so on.
2, point linear control system point linear control systems are control systems not only control the index or table knives and accurately from one point to move to the next point, but also to ensure that the exercise between two points is a straight-line trajectory of the control system. Mobile Tool cutting process can be carried out. Application of such control systems have CNC lathe, CNC drilling machine and CNC milling machine and so on.
3, contour control system control system, also known as contour cutting continuous control systems, control systems are able to index two or more axes simultaneously strictly continuous control system. It is not only moving parts that can be controlled from one point Zonghuai indeed point to move to another, but also control the entire process every point of the speed and amount of displacement will be processed into certain parts of the contour shape. Application of such control systems have CNC milling machine, CNC lathe, CNC machine tools and processing gear center.
Two, by control classification
1, open-loop control of CNC machine tools
Open-loop control system characteristics of the system are not detected feedback devices, one-way information transmission instruction, and instruction is issued, no feedback, so that the open-loop control.
By the stepper motor step accuracy and frequency, as well as transmission of the driving accuracy the impact of open-loop system in terms of speed and accuracy are lower. However, because of the open-loop control structure is simple and debugging easy maintenance, lower cost, are still being widely used on CNC machine tools.
2, semi-closed-loop control of CNC machine tools
Semi-closed-loop control of CNC machine tools is not a direct measurement of the displacement table, instead of using the angle of displacement detection components, measured servo motor or screw corner table projected actual displacement, feedback to the computer in the location of comparison, compared with the margin control. Because there is no feedback loop contains the table, so that semi-closed-loop control.
Semi-closed-loop control closed-loop control accuracy than bad, but good stability, lower cost, easier to debug than the repair, taking into account the open-loop control and closed-loop control characteristics of the two, so the more general application.
3, the closed-loop control of CNC machine tools
Closed-loop control system is characterized by the use of the installation work at the stage of detection components will be the actual table displacement feedback to the computer with the location of instructions required to compare the difference compared with control, until the margin eliminated. Can be seen that the closed-loop control system can eliminate all kinds of mechanical transmission components and workpiece error process generated by the impact of interference, thus greatly improve machining accuracy. The role of speed detection devices are servo motor will be converted into the actual speed signal to the speed control circuit, the feedback correction, guaranteed to keep the motor speed constant. Speed detection devices are commonly used electrical velocimetry.
Closed-loop control is characterized by high precision machining, mobile speed. This type of CNC machine tools using DC servo motor or AC servo motor as the drive components, motor control circuit is rather complicated, expensive detection devices. Debug and repair and therefore more complex and costly.
Three, according to technology use classification
Use classification by technology, CNC machine tools can be divided into the CNC drilling machine, lathe, milling machine, boring machine, grinding machine and gear machine tools, as well as ballast bed, punching machine, bending machine, electric spark cutting machine, flame cutting machines.
Machining center with a knife are the Treasury and automatic tool changing device of the CNC machine tools, it can achieve on a wide range of machine tool processing. Workpiece clamping time, to be completed by a variety of processing, saving hours of work aids, and improve machining accuracy. Machining Center is especially suitable for cabinet, casing processing. Turning machining center to be completed for all rotary machining.
Batteries
1. What is the battery, power supply?
Battery generally refers to chemical energy into electrical energy device. Power refers to the other forms of energy into electrical energy devices; at electronic equipment put sometimes transform power devices (such as rectifiers, transformers, etc.), also known as power.
2. What is the battery? The number of open-circuit voltage?
To chemical energy and the DC can be transformed into each other and after discharge by the charge would recover the use of duplicate devices called batteries. Have lead-acid batteries commonly used, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen and lithium-ion battery. Lead-acid batteries open circuit voltage 2.0V, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH battery open-circuit voltage of 1.2V, lithium-ion battery open circuit voltage 3.6V.
3. What is a lead-acid batteries? A few parts from it?
Electrode made by the lead, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution of a battery. General by the positive plate, negative plates, separators, battery slot, and the terminal block, such as electrolyte components.
4. What time does the lead-acid battery who invented?
Plante invented in 1859.
5. Lead-acid batteries in the battery occupies a much large proportion of the family?
Throughout the cell lead-acid batteries account for a large proportion, according to statistics at around 65%.
6. At present, the number of lead-acid battery manufacturers?
The website has a collection of engaging in domestic production of lead-acid batteries have more than 2500 (not including research universities and other research institutions) of the situation, one of more than 2,000 lead-acid storage battery factory, raw materials, accessories, equipment, etc. 500.
7. Commonly used lead-acid batteries have those types?
By end-use can be mainly divided into: Start-type batteries, fixed type, such as traction power type.
8. What is the capacity of lead-acid battery how to calculate?
At the conditions laid down under the fully charged battery can provide power, usually used when an (Ah) express. Capacity = single-chip格正plate number × monolithic plate capacity.
9. Electrolyte lead-acid batteries are the main components of what?
Are sulfuric acid and distilled water (or deionized water) mixture.
10. Electrolyte lead-acid battery on the human body has what harm?
Lead-acid battery electrolyte is a strong acid, on human skin, eyes must have the harm, once in contact immediately with plenty of water cleansing, a serious diagnosis and treatment should be timely to the hospital.
11. Lead in lead-acid battery on the human body has what harm?
Lead in lead-acid battery and lead oxide on human nervous system, digestive system, hematopoietic system, as well as have a certain impact on the kidneys, usually best not to waste battery anatomy. Please note that autopsy to be protective and related guidance.
12. Leaded absorbed or how the treatment of poisoning?
Lead poisoning should be absorbed or to enter the diagnosis and treatment of professional treatment agencies engaged in the operation of lead in diet can drink many milk, soybean milk and so there is conducive to rule out the possibility of lead in vitro.
13. Often have those kinds of battery?
Common battery has hard rubber and polypropylene made automobiles, motorcycles, traction battery, ABS made of sealed battery and a small amount of polystyrene battery.
14. Common battery separators have those?
Common battery separators have rubber separators, PP partition, PE partition, PVC clapboard and AGM separators.
15. Day-to-day whether or not to drink the pure water can be used for battery use?
Applications due to day-to-day people should not drink pure water of its impurities in the water content is much higher than the battery requirements, only some elements in the water on the human body less useful and sediment bacteria. Battery water should reach JB/T10053-1999 standards.
Battery generally refers to chemical energy into electrical energy device. Power refers to the other forms of energy into electrical energy devices; at electronic equipment put sometimes transform power devices (such as rectifiers, transformers, etc.), also known as power.
2. What is the battery? The number of open-circuit voltage?
To chemical energy and the DC can be transformed into each other and after discharge by the charge would recover the use of duplicate devices called batteries. Have lead-acid batteries commonly used, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen and lithium-ion battery. Lead-acid batteries open circuit voltage 2.0V, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH battery open-circuit voltage of 1.2V, lithium-ion battery open circuit voltage 3.6V.
3. What is a lead-acid batteries? A few parts from it?
Electrode made by the lead, the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution of a battery. General by the positive plate, negative plates, separators, battery slot, and the terminal block, such as electrolyte components.
4. What time does the lead-acid battery who invented?
Plante invented in 1859.
5. Lead-acid batteries in the battery occupies a much large proportion of the family?
Throughout the cell lead-acid batteries account for a large proportion, according to statistics at around 65%.
6. At present, the number of lead-acid battery manufacturers?
The website has a collection of engaging in domestic production of lead-acid batteries have more than 2500 (not including research universities and other research institutions) of the situation, one of more than 2,000 lead-acid storage battery factory, raw materials, accessories, equipment, etc. 500.
7. Commonly used lead-acid batteries have those types?
By end-use can be mainly divided into: Start-type batteries, fixed type, such as traction power type.
8. What is the capacity of lead-acid battery how to calculate?
At the conditions laid down under the fully charged battery can provide power, usually used when an (Ah) express. Capacity = single-chip格正plate number × monolithic plate capacity.
9. Electrolyte lead-acid batteries are the main components of what?
Are sulfuric acid and distilled water (or deionized water) mixture.
10. Electrolyte lead-acid battery on the human body has what harm?
Lead-acid battery electrolyte is a strong acid, on human skin, eyes must have the harm, once in contact immediately with plenty of water cleansing, a serious diagnosis and treatment should be timely to the hospital.
11. Lead in lead-acid battery on the human body has what harm?
Lead in lead-acid battery and lead oxide on human nervous system, digestive system, hematopoietic system, as well as have a certain impact on the kidneys, usually best not to waste battery anatomy. Please note that autopsy to be protective and related guidance.
12. Leaded absorbed or how the treatment of poisoning?
Lead poisoning should be absorbed or to enter the diagnosis and treatment of professional treatment agencies engaged in the operation of lead in diet can drink many milk, soybean milk and so there is conducive to rule out the possibility of lead in vitro.
13. Often have those kinds of battery?
Common battery has hard rubber and polypropylene made automobiles, motorcycles, traction battery, ABS made of sealed battery and a small amount of polystyrene battery.
14. Common battery separators have those?
Common battery separators have rubber separators, PP partition, PE partition, PVC clapboard and AGM separators.
15. Day-to-day whether or not to drink the pure water can be used for battery use?
Applications due to day-to-day people should not drink pure water of its impurities in the water content is much higher than the battery requirements, only some elements in the water on the human body less useful and sediment bacteria. Battery water should reach JB/T10053-1999 standards.
Food Machinery and Equipment
Legitimate business of the Company for the joint ventures, the strength is mainly engaged in recycling waste, the company used goods, the sale of used equipment, run the acquisition, transfer issues, at reasonable prices. Running a wide range of companies, covering machinery, motorcycles, electronics and other industries.
main business:
Machinery and equipment, including: a variety of old and new machine tools, boilers, woodworking machinery, food machinery, municipal machinery, industrial machinery, agricultural machinery and all mechanical equipment;
Transformers and electrical equipment: including a variety of new and old transformers, distribution boxes, contactors, switches, circuit boards, old and new electric motors, electric welding machines, generator sets, electric hoist, air traffic, large and small have been round boxes, cutting tools, integrated circuits panels, fire extinguishers, old and new wires and cables;
Kitchen equipment: cooker, including a variety of old and new, size freezer (two, three, vertical, horizontal), food machinery, cash registers, electric ovens, frying machines, milk machines, ice cream machine, not stainless steel cutlery , et al.
Household appliances: a variety of old and new color TV, air-conditioning, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, fitness, and dual-use coal, water heaters, sewing machines, etc.;
Refrigeration equipment: including air conditioning, central air-conditioning, compressors, both inside and outside the unit, and a variety of large and small refrigeration cabinets;
Non-Ferrous Metals: all kinds of old and new copper, iron, aluminum, tin, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and various rare metals.
Woodworking Machinery company more than 20 years, several well-known national brand of provincial agents, sales performance among the best. Warehouse 5000 Yu Ping, are warehouse-style sales of domestic industry forward. Main business: pushing Units saw, band saw, flat-planed, pressure planer, single / double drilling, precision saws, engraving machines, Edge machine, cold presses, sanding machines, planing legislation, plug machine, docking machine.
main business:
Machinery and equipment, including: a variety of old and new machine tools, boilers, woodworking machinery, food machinery, municipal machinery, industrial machinery, agricultural machinery and all mechanical equipment;
Transformers and electrical equipment: including a variety of new and old transformers, distribution boxes, contactors, switches, circuit boards, old and new electric motors, electric welding machines, generator sets, electric hoist, air traffic, large and small have been round boxes, cutting tools, integrated circuits panels, fire extinguishers, old and new wires and cables;
Kitchen equipment: cooker, including a variety of old and new, size freezer (two, three, vertical, horizontal), food machinery, cash registers, electric ovens, frying machines, milk machines, ice cream machine, not stainless steel cutlery , et al.
Household appliances: a variety of old and new color TV, air-conditioning, refrigerators, washing machines, microwave ovens, fitness, and dual-use coal, water heaters, sewing machines, etc.;
Refrigeration equipment: including air conditioning, central air-conditioning, compressors, both inside and outside the unit, and a variety of large and small refrigeration cabinets;
Non-Ferrous Metals: all kinds of old and new copper, iron, aluminum, tin, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and various rare metals.
Woodworking Machinery company more than 20 years, several well-known national brand of provincial agents, sales performance among the best. Warehouse 5000 Yu Ping, are warehouse-style sales of domestic industry forward. Main business: pushing Units saw, band saw, flat-planed, pressure planer, single / double drilling, precision saws, engraving machines, Edge machine, cold presses, sanding machines, planing legislation, plug machine, docking machine.
Foreign exchange and stock
The distinction between foreign exchange and stock
1) The stock is one-way buy low and sell high, the stock if no one left to buy when it was put over, but do not throw out. And foreign exchange are two sides to you bullish on the buy up, called Zadok, you earned. You buy or put on, called short selling, you also earned. If you look the opposite direction and the actual lost, here is the bar with the short selling of many a battle between people. And want to throw at any time and without any restrictions.
2) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange transactions are a 24-hour, from 4:00 to 4:00 the next day from Tokyo, London, Frankfurt to New York non-stop 24 hours a day except on weekends and statutory holidays abroad. The shares are 9:00 to 15:00.
3) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and leveraged foreign exchange provisions of the ratio of the amount of international unification 10W U.S. For example, if you invest 250 dollars then you are the leverage ratio of 1:400. The greater the leverage the greater the risk, look how much you want to vote in the size of the risk of selection yourself. Stock on the actual disk, the amount of speculation on how much.
4) the distinction between foreign exchange and stock market liquidity largest foreign exchange is the world's largest trading market, trading 1.5 trillion dollars a day, a relatively small number of stocks in terms of flexor.
5) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange high degree of transparency are generally country or countries the central bank announced major political factors such as noodle analysis. The stock is large, a large company can be accused of the general direction of trade.
6) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange can trade the same day, while stocks are the next day can be.
1) The stock is one-way buy low and sell high, the stock if no one left to buy when it was put over, but do not throw out. And foreign exchange are two sides to you bullish on the buy up, called Zadok, you earned. You buy or put on, called short selling, you also earned. If you look the opposite direction and the actual lost, here is the bar with the short selling of many a battle between people. And want to throw at any time and without any restrictions.
2) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange transactions are a 24-hour, from 4:00 to 4:00 the next day from Tokyo, London, Frankfurt to New York non-stop 24 hours a day except on weekends and statutory holidays abroad. The shares are 9:00 to 15:00.
3) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and leveraged foreign exchange provisions of the ratio of the amount of international unification 10W U.S. For example, if you invest 250 dollars then you are the leverage ratio of 1:400. The greater the leverage the greater the risk, look how much you want to vote in the size of the risk of selection yourself. Stock on the actual disk, the amount of speculation on how much.
4) the distinction between foreign exchange and stock market liquidity largest foreign exchange is the world's largest trading market, trading 1.5 trillion dollars a day, a relatively small number of stocks in terms of flexor.
5) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange high degree of transparency are generally country or countries the central bank announced major political factors such as noodle analysis. The stock is large, a large company can be accused of the general direction of trade.
6) the difference between the stock of foreign exchange and foreign exchange can trade the same day, while stocks are the next day can be.
Motor Principle
Motor Principle
Stator rotating magnetic field generated by the principle of
Rotating magnetic field: magnetic field refers to the location of the axis of rotation with time of the magnetic field.
At three-phase asynchronous motor stator iron hearts of three groups to place the structure of identical windings U1U2, V1V2, W1W2, each phase winding at each worse Spaces 120 ° electric angle, to the three-phase windings in the access to symmetrical three-phase alternating current, stator and rotor in the air gap to produce a rotating magnetic field.
To the bipolar motor that 2p = 2 as an example, symmetrical three-phase windings U1U2, V1V2, W1W2 assumed to be concentrated winding, three-phase windings into a star then, and pass to three-phase symmetrical currents iA, iB, iC. Such as shown in Animation. Assumed that the current instantaneous value is positive when the windings are the first from the inflow side, the end of the outflow. Current inflow end with "×" that the current outflow end with "" express.
wt = 0 when, iA = 0;
iB is negative, that is, iB inflow from the end of V2, the first outflow of client V1;
iC is positive, that is, iC from the first side W1 inflow, outflow of the end of W2.
Current inflow end with "×" that the current outflow end with "" express.
The use of right-handed helix can be set to determine at wt = 0 instantaneous three-phase current generated by the synthesis of the magnetic field direction, such as animated demo shown.
Synthesis of the magnetic field can be seen are a pair of magnetic poles, magnetic field direction and the vertical axis line direction, the top is the Arctic, the Antarctic are below.
wt = π / 2 when, iA is positive maximum, that is, iA flows from the first end of U1, U2 outflow end;
iB is negative, that is, iB inflow from the end of V2, the first outflow of client V1;
iC is negative, that is, iC from W2 inflow, W1 outflow.
Synthesis of the magnetic field direction can be seen more time wt = 0 when the direction of the needle turned 90o.
Empathy can draw wt = π, wt = 3π / 2, wt = 2π when the synthetic magnetic field, we can see the magnetic field direction by clockwise rotation, a total turn 360o, that is, rotating the week.
To sum up, in the three-phase AC motor stator has the structure of the layout at the same spatial location of the difference between the angle of 120o electric three-phase windings, respectively, access to three-phase alternating current, the stator and rotor in the air generated by the synthesis stator magnetic field is along the inner circle of rotation, it said rotating magnetic field.
Of induction motor working principle said that it should be easy:
When the three stator windings to the symmetry through the three AC, it produced a synchronous speed n1 along the stator and rotor space for inner circle clockwise rotation of the rotating magnetic field. N1 because of rotating magnetic field in order to speed rotation, the start of the rotor conductors are stationary, it will be cutting the rotor conductors in the stator rotating magnetic field generated inductive electromotive force (EMF sensing the direction of right-hand rule used to determine). Derivation because of the conductors at both ends by a short circuit shorted ring, at the role of inductive electromotive force, the rotor conductors and inductive electromotive force will produce basically the same as the direction of the induced current. Rotor current-carrying conductor in the stator magnetic field by the electromagnetic force (the direction of force is determined to use his left hand set). Electromagnetic force on the rotor axis electromagnetic torque, rotor-driven rotating magnetic field along the direction of rotation.
Through the above analysis can be concluded from the motor working principle is: when the motor of the three stator windings (the difference between the 120 degrees angle of electricity), access to the three alternating current will produce a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field cutting rotor windings, which at the rotor Winding generated induced current (rotor winding pathway are closed), current-carrying conductor of the rotor at the stator rotating magnetic field will produce under the electromagnetic force, which formed in the motor electromagnetic torque shaft, the drive motor rotation, and motor rotation direction with the rotating magnetic field the same direction.
Stator rotating magnetic field generated by the principle of
Rotating magnetic field: magnetic field refers to the location of the axis of rotation with time of the magnetic field.
At three-phase asynchronous motor stator iron hearts of three groups to place the structure of identical windings U1U2, V1V2, W1W2, each phase winding at each worse Spaces 120 ° electric angle, to the three-phase windings in the access to symmetrical three-phase alternating current, stator and rotor in the air gap to produce a rotating magnetic field.
To the bipolar motor that 2p = 2 as an example, symmetrical three-phase windings U1U2, V1V2, W1W2 assumed to be concentrated winding, three-phase windings into a star then, and pass to three-phase symmetrical currents iA, iB, iC. Such as shown in Animation. Assumed that the current instantaneous value is positive when the windings are the first from the inflow side, the end of the outflow. Current inflow end with "×" that the current outflow end with "" express.
wt = 0 when, iA = 0;
iB is negative, that is, iB inflow from the end of V2, the first outflow of client V1;
iC is positive, that is, iC from the first side W1 inflow, outflow of the end of W2.
Current inflow end with "×" that the current outflow end with "" express.
The use of right-handed helix can be set to determine at wt = 0 instantaneous three-phase current generated by the synthesis of the magnetic field direction, such as animated demo shown.
Synthesis of the magnetic field can be seen are a pair of magnetic poles, magnetic field direction and the vertical axis line direction, the top is the Arctic, the Antarctic are below.
wt = π / 2 when, iA is positive maximum, that is, iA flows from the first end of U1, U2 outflow end;
iB is negative, that is, iB inflow from the end of V2, the first outflow of client V1;
iC is negative, that is, iC from W2 inflow, W1 outflow.
Synthesis of the magnetic field direction can be seen more time wt = 0 when the direction of the needle turned 90o.
Empathy can draw wt = π, wt = 3π / 2, wt = 2π when the synthetic magnetic field, we can see the magnetic field direction by clockwise rotation, a total turn 360o, that is, rotating the week.
To sum up, in the three-phase AC motor stator has the structure of the layout at the same spatial location of the difference between the angle of 120o electric three-phase windings, respectively, access to three-phase alternating current, the stator and rotor in the air generated by the synthesis stator magnetic field is along the inner circle of rotation, it said rotating magnetic field.
Of induction motor working principle said that it should be easy:
When the three stator windings to the symmetry through the three AC, it produced a synchronous speed n1 along the stator and rotor space for inner circle clockwise rotation of the rotating magnetic field. N1 because of rotating magnetic field in order to speed rotation, the start of the rotor conductors are stationary, it will be cutting the rotor conductors in the stator rotating magnetic field generated inductive electromotive force (EMF sensing the direction of right-hand rule used to determine). Derivation because of the conductors at both ends by a short circuit shorted ring, at the role of inductive electromotive force, the rotor conductors and inductive electromotive force will produce basically the same as the direction of the induced current. Rotor current-carrying conductor in the stator magnetic field by the electromagnetic force (the direction of force is determined to use his left hand set). Electromagnetic force on the rotor axis electromagnetic torque, rotor-driven rotating magnetic field along the direction of rotation.
Through the above analysis can be concluded from the motor working principle is: when the motor of the three stator windings (the difference between the 120 degrees angle of electricity), access to the three alternating current will produce a rotating magnetic field, the rotating magnetic field cutting rotor windings, which at the rotor Winding generated induced current (rotor winding pathway are closed), current-carrying conductor of the rotor at the stator rotating magnetic field will produce under the electromagnetic force, which formed in the motor electromagnetic torque shaft, the drive motor rotation, and motor rotation direction with the rotating magnetic field the same direction.
