Milling machine knowledge
Trip around: 790 (mm)
Before and after the trip: 360 (mm)
Next trip: 360 (mm)
Spindle motor: 3HP
Speed: 16steps 160-5440
Spindle diameter: 85.72 (mm)
Spindle travel: 126 (mm)
Near to the speed of the spindle: 0.04,0.08,0.15 (mm / rev)
Spindle side pore gradient: R8 or NST30
Spindle head rotation angle: 90 degrees
Telescopic boom rotation angle: 360 degrees
Telescopic boom itinerary: 470 (mm)
Spindle end to table distance :40-430 (mm)
Spindle center to column distance machine :140-610 (mm)
Milling cutter on the workpiece are used to carry out milling machine. In addition to milling machine milling plane, groove, gear, thread and spline shaft, but also processing more complex type of noodle, efficiency than the planer the highest in the machinery manufacturing and repair sector has been widely applied.
The earliest milling machines are American Whitney in 1818 to create the horizontal milling machine; for milling helical groove of the first twist drill, American Brown in 1862 to create the first universal milling machine, milling machine This is the embryonic form of lifting platform; 1884 appeared before and after the gantry milling machine; twenty-first century emerged during the 20 semi-automatic milling machine, table block to be completed by the use of "feed - never speed" or "must-speed - into to the" automatic conversion.
In 1950, the milling machine in the control system has developed rapidly, the application of digital control milling machines greatly increased the degree of automation. Especially the 70s, the microprocessor digital control system and automatic tool changing system in milling has been applied to expand the scope of the milling process, improve the machining accuracy and efficiency.
A lot of milling machine types, the general is based on the layout of the form and make a distinction between the scope of application, the main platform has milling machine, Gantry milling machine, single-column and single-arm milling machine milling machine, milling machine instrumentation, tools such as milling machine.
Lifting platform has universal-type milling machine, horizontal and vertical ways, mainly used for processing small and medium-sized parts, Longmen milling machine bed and double are used for machining large parts; single the level of column milling machine milling head can move along the guide column, table for vertical feed; arm milling machine's position along the cantilever milling head can guide the level of movement, the cantilever can also be adjusted along the guide column height. Single column and single-arm milling machine milling machine for processing large parts are.
Milling instrument is a small milling machine lifting platform for the processing of instruments and meters and other small parts; tool die milling machines and tools mainly used in manufacturing, with a Li-milling head, universal angle plug, such as workstations and a variety of attachment, but also for drilling, boring and slotting processing. There are other milling keyway milling, cam milling machines, crankshaft milling machine, roll neck and side milling milling machine, such as ingots, which are for the processing of the workpiece corresponding to manufacture special milling machine.
In addition, according to control mode, can be divided into profiling milling machine milling machine, milling machine and CNC controlled milling machine and so on.
Multi-function meat grinder
Multi-function meat grinder on the 5th, design novel, beautiful beautiful, sturdy and durable, easy to operate, a high-meat. Both meat cutter, vegetable stuffing, grinding soya milk, sesame, noodles can be crowded, filling sausages, many with one machine. Fit in the restaurant, restaurants, hotels, canteens, butcher, the family an ideal helper.
Structure: The pressed nuts, bushings, cutting knives, body, material knife, handle, push forward the shaft, the handle screw
1, flushing. Each time before using the meat grinder may look easy washing.
2, the installation. A more satisfactory approach is that after every time used should be cleaned the meat grinder to form parts for display at the wooden cabinet, or, such as its fully dry after assembly, should not be assembled immediately. Start from the beginning of the installation of assembly. First roller into the machine cavity, in order to reduce the wear and tear, can be a drop in the shaft Department drops of cooking oil, in advancing the axis between the sets of back-end with the plastic, please add a small amount of cooking oil, and then installed in the roller head, the attention of knife-edge outwards. I installed and then leak to the head, gently shake the cavity so that the three closely in line with the machine, and then install sturdy nut to leak outside the mouth, paying attention to moderate elastic,肉沫too lax will leak from the side seam, tight will silk mouth injury. Finally install the twist put, paying attention to handle outward, will be set into the gap at the post, and then screw on the solid screw.
3, operation. The real meat is relatively simple, are more hardworking, so men have the best operation, can also tie in with the duo. If you are stuffing cutter, meat cutter before the first one the best green onions, this effort will make a lot of meat. Wash meat, cut growth, the slowly into (the meat into the more effort the more fees). Meat grinder after the end of may also be a further twist onions, potatoes or vegetables and so on things. Turner said, and this is a disguised form of cleansing, but also can reduce the waste of meat.
4, wash. Unloading the machine open, then the bubble machine to the warm water containing detergent, toothbrushes and so on with all the mechanical parts to clean them one by one, and then tap water rinse twice. Put a cool ventilated place control can do. After use of this machine, we must all apart, cleaned with water or hot water, dried to avoid oxidation, the body has been made inside and outside anti-oxygen treatment, non-toxic and tasteless. However, please note, should not have to use salt water or other chemical properties Water used for cleaning, otherwise corrosive black body.
Now the market engaged in individual meat processing, processing ingredients, restaurants, hotel and household use meat grinder are the overall style, and even some food plants also have the use of, this meat grinder replacement parts in the necessary maintenance and cleaning up the internal When filth is not convenient, especially for the public market of meat processing individual owners, not a long time to clear the internal meat grinder, and some that only clean water to wash you are using, In particular, some holidays go to the market processed meats people complained that the market does not eat processed meat products, taste is not correct, these might have with the meat grinder by hiding internal dirt and bacteria-related metamorphism. In addition, a number of years engaged in frequent seasoning meat processing or crushing of the individual processing plant owners or operators, because of improper operation of hand-twisted accidents occur, it is important to please the local fire officers and the use of cutting machinery to cut open the meat grinder housing strong in order to rescue not only a waste of time for treatment, but also prone to the risk of re-wounding. The utility model split meat grinder combination to solve the above problem, we solved the difficult day-to-day cleaning and improper operation of individual staff members won valuable time for emergency treatment.
The present utility model to provide a modular split meat grinder, you can with the necessary demolition for the split, and when used can be combined for the overall structure.
The present utility model, including shell meat grinder, using the technical program are: the shell of the meat grinder block split design of composite structures, in its physical body junction connecting bolt combinations are used as one.
Market prospects
meat grinder for more than two decades of sales and use of history, it is the advent of greatly improved work efficiency, the liberation of the labor productivity, market conditions are ripe, are very popular amongst the users enjoy. If I split the new combined meat grinder can put on the market as soon as possible, that is easy to clean hygiene improve cleanliness, but also be able to in the improper operation of injured employees receive timely rescue, would be relevant state departments to promote their importance and will rapidly occupied the original meat grinder of all markets, I hope people make a choice as soon as possible.
Structure: The pressed nuts, bushings, cutting knives, body, material knife, handle, push forward the shaft, the handle screw
1, flushing. Each time before using the meat grinder may look easy washing.
2, the installation. A more satisfactory approach is that after every time used should be cleaned the meat grinder to form parts for display at the wooden cabinet, or, such as its fully dry after assembly, should not be assembled immediately. Start from the beginning of the installation of assembly. First roller into the machine cavity, in order to reduce the wear and tear, can be a drop in the shaft Department drops of cooking oil, in advancing the axis between the sets of back-end with the plastic, please add a small amount of cooking oil, and then installed in the roller head, the attention of knife-edge outwards. I installed and then leak to the head, gently shake the cavity so that the three closely in line with the machine, and then install sturdy nut to leak outside the mouth, paying attention to moderate elastic,肉沫too lax will leak from the side seam, tight will silk mouth injury. Finally install the twist put, paying attention to handle outward, will be set into the gap at the post, and then screw on the solid screw.
3, operation. The real meat is relatively simple, are more hardworking, so men have the best operation, can also tie in with the duo. If you are stuffing cutter, meat cutter before the first one the best green onions, this effort will make a lot of meat. Wash meat, cut growth, the slowly into (the meat into the more effort the more fees). Meat grinder after the end of may also be a further twist onions, potatoes or vegetables and so on things. Turner said, and this is a disguised form of cleansing, but also can reduce the waste of meat.
4, wash. Unloading the machine open, then the bubble machine to the warm water containing detergent, toothbrushes and so on with all the mechanical parts to clean them one by one, and then tap water rinse twice. Put a cool ventilated place control can do. After use of this machine, we must all apart, cleaned with water or hot water, dried to avoid oxidation, the body has been made inside and outside anti-oxygen treatment, non-toxic and tasteless. However, please note, should not have to use salt water or other chemical properties Water used for cleaning, otherwise corrosive black body.
Now the market engaged in individual meat processing, processing ingredients, restaurants, hotel and household use meat grinder are the overall style, and even some food plants also have the use of, this meat grinder replacement parts in the necessary maintenance and cleaning up the internal When filth is not convenient, especially for the public market of meat processing individual owners, not a long time to clear the internal meat grinder, and some that only clean water to wash you are using, In particular, some holidays go to the market processed meats people complained that the market does not eat processed meat products, taste is not correct, these might have with the meat grinder by hiding internal dirt and bacteria-related metamorphism. In addition, a number of years engaged in frequent seasoning meat processing or crushing of the individual processing plant owners or operators, because of improper operation of hand-twisted accidents occur, it is important to please the local fire officers and the use of cutting machinery to cut open the meat grinder housing strong in order to rescue not only a waste of time for treatment, but also prone to the risk of re-wounding. The utility model split meat grinder combination to solve the above problem, we solved the difficult day-to-day cleaning and improper operation of individual staff members won valuable time for emergency treatment.
The present utility model to provide a modular split meat grinder, you can with the necessary demolition for the split, and when used can be combined for the overall structure.
The present utility model, including shell meat grinder, using the technical program are: the shell of the meat grinder block split design of composite structures, in its physical body junction connecting bolt combinations are used as one.
Market prospects
meat grinder for more than two decades of sales and use of history, it is the advent of greatly improved work efficiency, the liberation of the labor productivity, market conditions are ripe, are very popular amongst the users enjoy. If I split the new combined meat grinder can put on the market as soon as possible, that is easy to clean hygiene improve cleanliness, but also be able to in the improper operation of injured employees receive timely rescue, would be relevant state departments to promote their importance and will rapidly occupied the original meat grinder of all markets, I hope people make a choice as soon as possible.
Auto Cosmetology Technology
Auto Cosmetology Technology: The technology products set car wash, polishing, waxing in one multi-functional, with clean, polish, Zengliang, brightening, anti-rust, the protection of the six efficacy, the use of product can simplify the cleaning of vehicles and polishing procedures, so as to achieve the rapid cleaning and the effect of light motor vehicles, with the WTO accession, the domestic auto prices will be further reduced, and everyone has a car in 2020 will become a reality, for example a car owner, car beauty, maintenance is very important, so far-sighted investors to spend money to engage small car project can be used as the preferred Cosmetology. "Auto Technology Cosmetology graphic essentials" to a large number of pictures and brief text introduce the automobile beauty of space, tools, materials, automotive external Cosmetology (including cleaning, polishing, waxing, car repair finish Cosmetology, etc.), Auto Cosmetology interior, window films and automotive beauty business process development and management, with the aid of diagrams, simple and practical.
"Auto Technology Cosmetology graphic essentials," The biggest feature is combined with China's automotive market, the status of Cosmetology, in accordance with the objectives of professional training required Cosmetology focuses on auto technology content, technical rules and related conservation products and tools to introduce, focus on practicality and knowledge structure coherence.
"Auto Technology Cosmetology graphic essentials," The biggest feature is combined with China's automotive market, the status of Cosmetology, in accordance with the objectives of professional training required Cosmetology focuses on auto technology content, technical rules and related conservation products and tools to introduce, focus on practicality and knowledge structure coherence.
Mastercam's Lathe
Mastercam USA are CNC Software has developed PC-based platform for CAD / CAM software, with low hardware configuration, operation convenient, powerful, has a shape from the parts to the tool path generation and post-processing features. Today, the processing parts tend to complex, more and more high-precision parts, CNC machining axis a few more and more manual programming can no longer meet the requirements of modern manufacturing. The use of CAM software programming has become a modern CNC machining programming improve efficiency and solve complex parts processing and effective means of multi-axis machining.
Mastercam's Lathe module, feature-rich menu, modeling convenience, the tool path is not only a variety of form cycle, thread and inner circle of rough holes, finishing, and have integrated C-axis, surface, Trench processing, C-axis in particular, are in Surface Machining, Automatic Programming can be processed without a fixed logical relationship between the surface, can not be solved by hand preparation and macro programs can not solve the problem of processing procedures. Lathe module of C-axis tool path of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional processing to expand and improve the CNC Turning Center processing range.
1 Milling composite processing applications
1.1 adapter shaft parts
As shown in Figure 1, adapter-axis parts from rectangular and shaft parts of the cuboid with the front end of the axis X-axis to the same axis, Y axis to the distance for the 4mm, eccentricity limit of deviation of ± 0.005mm. The parts require a higher geometric tolerance, parallelism and perpendicularity requirements of 0.02mm. If by car, milling processes separately processing, car parts after processing, milling fixture clamping led to duplication of positioning error, it is difficult to guarantee the geometric tolerance parts and front-end shaft axis with the rectangular shape of the eccentricity-size control in the 4 ± 0.005mm Tolerance range use and development of Mastercam software modules Lathe milling complex processing, can be one-time setup to complete all the processes, ensure product dimensional accuracy and tolerance requirements of firms.
Mastercam's Lathe module, feature-rich menu, modeling convenience, the tool path is not only a variety of form cycle, thread and inner circle of rough holes, finishing, and have integrated C-axis, surface, Trench processing, C-axis in particular, are in Surface Machining, Automatic Programming can be processed without a fixed logical relationship between the surface, can not be solved by hand preparation and macro programs can not solve the problem of processing procedures. Lathe module of C-axis tool path of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional processing to expand and improve the CNC Turning Center processing range.
1 Milling composite processing applications
1.1 adapter shaft parts
As shown in Figure 1, adapter-axis parts from rectangular and shaft parts of the cuboid with the front end of the axis X-axis to the same axis, Y axis to the distance for the 4mm, eccentricity limit of deviation of ± 0.005mm. The parts require a higher geometric tolerance, parallelism and perpendicularity requirements of 0.02mm. If by car, milling processes separately processing, car parts after processing, milling fixture clamping led to duplication of positioning error, it is difficult to guarantee the geometric tolerance parts and front-end shaft axis with the rectangular shape of the eccentricity-size control in the 4 ± 0.005mm Tolerance range use and development of Mastercam software modules Lathe milling complex processing, can be one-time setup to complete all the processes, ensure product dimensional accuracy and tolerance requirements of firms.
Woodworking machine tool operation
Applicable models:
1, woodworking lathe: TП200, other woodworking lathe.
2, Wood Milling Machines: MX529 (ФM), MX5212, Ф-3, X519, MX518 (ФЩ-3), MX2116A, wood milling 2120, mortising machine, slotting machine.
3, woodworking planer: MB403 (CП30-1) MB206 (438), CP6-2, MB503A (412), БP-75, CФ-6, JF5001, woodworking planer other.
1, woodworking bed accounts: 296211, MK515, accounting for other woodworking bed.
2, carpenters sawing machine: Ф48 "sports band saw machines, Ф36" band saw machines, T-80, ЛC80-2 ,70-10-1, MJ224 (YH), ЦДK-4, ЦДK -2, ПK3-2, 91932, other woodworking sawing machine.
1, where a person has a fixed operation of woodworking machines, the operator must pass the examination, possession of the machine tool's "permit the operation of equipment" in order to operate; do not have a fixed hand operated woodworking machines, so that the staff should hold the machine "Permit the operation of equipment" in order to use machine.
Second, seriously implement the following general-purpose woodworking machine tool provides:
(A) before the serious job to do:
1, fixed machine has special operations, the operator should carefully read交接班records, understanding of the functioning of a group of machine tools and existing problems.
2, inspection tools and job site, if there is nothing to do with the job should be cleared of debris.
3, inspection security device should be fully intact. Without protective devices are not allowed to operate the machine.
1, inspection operation should be placed at the non-working position.
2, inspection of electrical distribution box should be closed solid, a good electrical grounding.
3, inspection lubrication oil reservoir sites should be adequate, well-sealed. Standard Oil, oil cups, glib, etc. should be complete, installed correctly, plug the oil-free eye. In accordance with the provisions of lubrication charts come on.
4, parking one or more classes of machine tool operation and air testing should be confirmed before the job is running normally.
(B) work conscientiously done:
1, fixed machine has special operations, the operator should stand fast at their posts, serious operation, do nothing to do with the job. When leaving the machine to stop, cutting off power supply. Do not return to set free the operation of machine tools, machine tool user has finished, it should stop, shut off power.
2, tool, wood should be the correct clamping, fastening solid.
3, transmission and mechanical variable-speed feed, we must leave the workpiece in the tool to carry out after parking.
4, the attention of the wood may not have nails to prevent damage to tool.
One, pay close attention to the functioning of machine tools, lubrication, the temperature rise, the voices of the situation and report any anomalies should be immediately stopped and inspection, troubleshooting and then job.
2, machine tools should be immediately stopped and the accident happened, and maintain the scene of the accident, the report deal with relevant analysis.
(C) after a serious job to do:
1, the operating handle on the non-working position, cutting off power supply.
2, wipe machine tools, job site clean-up.
Three, seriously implement the following special provisions of woodworking machines:
(1) woodworking lathe:
Tool should be installed in the adjustable tool holder or a close grip on the turret turning, with some turning left are not allowed.
(B) woodworking milling machines:
1, when the job has to wait until the normal functioning of the spindle feed milling, the use of large-diameter milling cutter should be slow to open.
2, spindle movements should not be too fast, hard-depth not be too big, have to manually feed evenly.
3, the need to reverse the spindle, the tool to be retired from the workpiece, the spindle rotation to stop after reversing.
4, ФM woodworking milling machine, only permit in the 1320 r / min the rate of use of head, and the remaining 2010,2645,4080
Three types of speed are not allowed to use to carry out Milling Cutter.
(C) woodworking planer:
1, before the job manually set cars, confirmed a flexible tool in order to start rotating machine.
2, machine tools before starting the normal operation of planer material.
3, flat-plane: (1) should be based on the width of mobile timber fenders.
(2) plane is expected to pay attention to check the knots of wood on the die are still alive in order to avoid wounding shot.
4, pressure plane: planed wood materials to the attention of Big head small tail, according to the size of wood to eat to the appropriate force, the largest not be more than 5 centimeters.
(D) Wood sawing machine:
1, circular saw machines:
(1) circular saw blades should be checked before the installation is correct, reliable fastening. Vehicles should be used manually rotating flexible disk.
(2) when the cutting feed are not allowed to feed too much, as a result of feeding too much lead to slow down when the blade speed, it should be slightly to the retracement of wood, until it switched over a few resumes feeding.
1, woodworking lathe: TП200, other woodworking lathe.
2, Wood Milling Machines: MX529 (ФM), MX5212, Ф-3, X519, MX518 (ФЩ-3), MX2116A, wood milling 2120, mortising machine, slotting machine.
3, woodworking planer: MB403 (CП30-1) MB206 (438), CP6-2, MB503A (412), БP-75, CФ-6, JF5001, woodworking planer other.
1, woodworking bed accounts: 296211, MK515, accounting for other woodworking bed.
2, carpenters sawing machine: Ф48 "sports band saw machines, Ф36" band saw machines, T-80, ЛC80-2 ,70-10-1, MJ224 (YH), ЦДK-4, ЦДK -2, ПK3-2, 91932, other woodworking sawing machine.
1, where a person has a fixed operation of woodworking machines, the operator must pass the examination, possession of the machine tool's "permit the operation of equipment" in order to operate; do not have a fixed hand operated woodworking machines, so that the staff should hold the machine "Permit the operation of equipment" in order to use machine.
Second, seriously implement the following general-purpose woodworking machine tool provides:
(A) before the serious job to do:
1, fixed machine has special operations, the operator should carefully read交接班records, understanding of the functioning of a group of machine tools and existing problems.
2, inspection tools and job site, if there is nothing to do with the job should be cleared of debris.
3, inspection security device should be fully intact. Without protective devices are not allowed to operate the machine.
1, inspection operation should be placed at the non-working position.
2, inspection of electrical distribution box should be closed solid, a good electrical grounding.
3, inspection lubrication oil reservoir sites should be adequate, well-sealed. Standard Oil, oil cups, glib, etc. should be complete, installed correctly, plug the oil-free eye. In accordance with the provisions of lubrication charts come on.
4, parking one or more classes of machine tool operation and air testing should be confirmed before the job is running normally.
(B) work conscientiously done:
1, fixed machine has special operations, the operator should stand fast at their posts, serious operation, do nothing to do with the job. When leaving the machine to stop, cutting off power supply. Do not return to set free the operation of machine tools, machine tool user has finished, it should stop, shut off power.
2, tool, wood should be the correct clamping, fastening solid.
3, transmission and mechanical variable-speed feed, we must leave the workpiece in the tool to carry out after parking.
4, the attention of the wood may not have nails to prevent damage to tool.
One, pay close attention to the functioning of machine tools, lubrication, the temperature rise, the voices of the situation and report any anomalies should be immediately stopped and inspection, troubleshooting and then job.
2, machine tools should be immediately stopped and the accident happened, and maintain the scene of the accident, the report deal with relevant analysis.
(C) after a serious job to do:
1, the operating handle on the non-working position, cutting off power supply.
2, wipe machine tools, job site clean-up.
Three, seriously implement the following special provisions of woodworking machines:
(1) woodworking lathe:
Tool should be installed in the adjustable tool holder or a close grip on the turret turning, with some turning left are not allowed.
(B) woodworking milling machines:
1, when the job has to wait until the normal functioning of the spindle feed milling, the use of large-diameter milling cutter should be slow to open.
2, spindle movements should not be too fast, hard-depth not be too big, have to manually feed evenly.
3, the need to reverse the spindle, the tool to be retired from the workpiece, the spindle rotation to stop after reversing.
4, ФM woodworking milling machine, only permit in the 1320 r / min the rate of use of head, and the remaining 2010,2645,4080
Three types of speed are not allowed to use to carry out Milling Cutter.
(C) woodworking planer:
1, before the job manually set cars, confirmed a flexible tool in order to start rotating machine.
2, machine tools before starting the normal operation of planer material.
3, flat-plane: (1) should be based on the width of mobile timber fenders.
(2) plane is expected to pay attention to check the knots of wood on the die are still alive in order to avoid wounding shot.
4, pressure plane: planed wood materials to the attention of Big head small tail, according to the size of wood to eat to the appropriate force, the largest not be more than 5 centimeters.
(D) Wood sawing machine:
1, circular saw machines:
(1) circular saw blades should be checked before the installation is correct, reliable fastening. Vehicles should be used manually rotating flexible disk.
(2) when the cutting feed are not allowed to feed too much, as a result of feeding too much lead to slow down when the blade speed, it should be slightly to the retracement of wood, until it switched over a few resumes feeding.
Automotive maintenance and repair
1, the replacement of oil
2, the replacement of air filter, air-conditioning filter, oil filter, petrol filter
3, check whether the green battery in good condition, such as whether to measure voltage.
4, to check the entire vehicle electrical appliances, lights.
5, fastening screws chassis and suspension. Check whether there is any oil shock absorber
6, inspection wheel positioning is good, brake lining wear in the normal range, the remaining brake lining thickness is used to meet demand, otherwise the replacement.
7, each nacelle surface inspection.
8, to find a master craftsman, moving to hear the voices.
9, the replacement of spark plugs
10, change engine oil gear oil, check whether the brake shoe to be replaced, check the entire vehicle lighting electrical equipment, for the whole car add colorectal Wanxiang grease, check the entire vehicle shock absorber system, the direction of control systems, drive systems, as well as the most good cooling system will also replace the coolant tank is the water
11, the so-called vehicle maintenance refers to maintaining and restoring the technical performance of motor vehicles to ensure the car has a good use and reliability. It contains a lot of knowledge, correct and timely maintenance will extend vehicle life, improve safety, save money also taped much trouble repairing a car. However, today "to repair on behalf of Paul," the concept of the driver's team still exists, due to lack of security or maintenance of traffic accidents caused by improper happened frequently. So that timely proper vehicle maintenance is to extend the service life of motor vehicles to ensure road safety and an important element.
We usually said vehicle maintenance, mainly from motor vehicles to maintain a good technical condition, to extend the service life of automotive field. In fact, the broader its contents, including motor vehicles, such as beauty and skin care knowledge, summed up, the principal has the following three aspects:
First, body maintenance. Body maintenance habits also said the car Cosmetology. The main purpose is to remove cars and trucks in vitro in vivo oxidation and corrosion of all kinds, and then to protect the car as much as possible to highlight the "beauty." It mainly includes: Auto Paint maintenance, carpet cushion and maintenance, bumpers, skirts car maintenance, instrument maintenance Units, electroplating processing maintenance, plastic leather maintenance, tires, wheels warranty, windshield repair, chassis maintenance, engine maintenance and appearance.
Second, in-vehicle maintenance. Vehicle maintenance in order to enable the cars are forever young, in-vehicle maintenance purpose is to allow car several 100,000 kilometers without overhaul to ensure the car in the best technical condition. It mainly includes: lubrication system, fuel system, cooling system, brake system, carburetor (injector), such as maintenance.
Three, body renovation. Such as deep scratches on the diagnosis, treatment, multi-material bumper repair, leather, chemical fiber materials renovation, refurbishment, such as the color of the engine. Vehicle maintenance is divided into non-regular maintenance and regular maintenance of two categories, regular maintenance are: day-to-day maintenance, a maintenance, two maintenance; non-regular maintenance are: running-in stage maintenance and seasonal maintenance. The main vehicle maintenance job either cleaning, inspection, tight set, adjustment and lubrication, etc.. However, as science and technology and the development of the automobile industry to a variety of computer-based advanced technology widely used in the car so that the future fleet is gradually moving toward intelligent, and therefore the content of vehicle maintenance has been given a new connotation.
Vehicle maintenance is a relatively high technical complexity of work, I find it difficult to rely solely on the driver completed, the steam required to carry out repair business. Now in our country and also a number of automotive repair and maintenance businesses clinging traditional concept of letting go, and maintenance of obsolete equipment and tools, methods and means for maintenance or old, with this not meet the needs of modern development.
2, the replacement of air filter, air-conditioning filter, oil filter, petrol filter
3, check whether the green battery in good condition, such as whether to measure voltage.
4, to check the entire vehicle electrical appliances, lights.
5, fastening screws chassis and suspension. Check whether there is any oil shock absorber
6, inspection wheel positioning is good, brake lining wear in the normal range, the remaining brake lining thickness is used to meet demand, otherwise the replacement.
7, each nacelle surface inspection.
8, to find a master craftsman, moving to hear the voices.
9, the replacement of spark plugs
10, change engine oil gear oil, check whether the brake shoe to be replaced, check the entire vehicle lighting electrical equipment, for the whole car add colorectal Wanxiang grease, check the entire vehicle shock absorber system, the direction of control systems, drive systems, as well as the most good cooling system will also replace the coolant tank is the water
11, the so-called vehicle maintenance refers to maintaining and restoring the technical performance of motor vehicles to ensure the car has a good use and reliability. It contains a lot of knowledge, correct and timely maintenance will extend vehicle life, improve safety, save money also taped much trouble repairing a car. However, today "to repair on behalf of Paul," the concept of the driver's team still exists, due to lack of security or maintenance of traffic accidents caused by improper happened frequently. So that timely proper vehicle maintenance is to extend the service life of motor vehicles to ensure road safety and an important element.
We usually said vehicle maintenance, mainly from motor vehicles to maintain a good technical condition, to extend the service life of automotive field. In fact, the broader its contents, including motor vehicles, such as beauty and skin care knowledge, summed up, the principal has the following three aspects:
First, body maintenance. Body maintenance habits also said the car Cosmetology. The main purpose is to remove cars and trucks in vitro in vivo oxidation and corrosion of all kinds, and then to protect the car as much as possible to highlight the "beauty." It mainly includes: Auto Paint maintenance, carpet cushion and maintenance, bumpers, skirts car maintenance, instrument maintenance Units, electroplating processing maintenance, plastic leather maintenance, tires, wheels warranty, windshield repair, chassis maintenance, engine maintenance and appearance.
Second, in-vehicle maintenance. Vehicle maintenance in order to enable the cars are forever young, in-vehicle maintenance purpose is to allow car several 100,000 kilometers without overhaul to ensure the car in the best technical condition. It mainly includes: lubrication system, fuel system, cooling system, brake system, carburetor (injector), such as maintenance.
Three, body renovation. Such as deep scratches on the diagnosis, treatment, multi-material bumper repair, leather, chemical fiber materials renovation, refurbishment, such as the color of the engine. Vehicle maintenance is divided into non-regular maintenance and regular maintenance of two categories, regular maintenance are: day-to-day maintenance, a maintenance, two maintenance; non-regular maintenance are: running-in stage maintenance and seasonal maintenance. The main vehicle maintenance job either cleaning, inspection, tight set, adjustment and lubrication, etc.. However, as science and technology and the development of the automobile industry to a variety of computer-based advanced technology widely used in the car so that the future fleet is gradually moving toward intelligent, and therefore the content of vehicle maintenance has been given a new connotation.
Vehicle maintenance is a relatively high technical complexity of work, I find it difficult to rely solely on the driver completed, the steam required to carry out repair business. Now in our country and also a number of automotive repair and maintenance businesses clinging traditional concept of letting go, and maintenance of obsolete equipment and tools, methods and means for maintenance or old, with this not meet the needs of modern development.
Electric bicycle standard
Electric bicycles-General
Technical requirements
GB17761-1999
Foreword
The standards apply to the battery as a supplementary energy, with two wheels, able to realize man-made cycling, electric or electric assist bicycles special actuating functions. The technical content of standards, including vehicle's main technical performance requirements, vehicle safety requirements, vehicle assembly requirements, vehicle appearance of the requirements of road vehicle requirements and specification requirements.
The standard technical requirements for the maximum speed of 5.1.1, 5.2.1 braking performance, 5.2.2 Frame / fork combination of strength for the mandatory provisions; the remaining provisions of the technical requirements are recommended.
Since the implementation of the standard date, China Light Industry Association released the original light standards QB/2302-1997 "electric bicycle safety general technical conditions" void.
The standards are the standards in Appendix A Appendix.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee Bicycle centralized.
The drafting of the standard units: Shanghai Institute of Bicycle Group.
The main drafters of this standard:
1, the scope of
This standard provides the definition of electric bicycle, product classifications, technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules. This standard applies to electric bicycle.
2, reference standards
The following criteria contained in the provisions of the passage of this standard reference and constitute the provisions of this standard. Time of publication of this standard, as shown in versions are valid. All of the standard will be amended to use the standards of the parties should explore the possibility of using the following criteria, according to the latest version of the possibility.
GB3565-1993 Bicycle safety requirements
GB/T3566-1993 bike assembly requirements
Bicycle GB/T12742-1991 Detect technical condition of equipment and utensils
Bicycle QB/T1217-1991 electroplating technology
QB/T1218-1991 bike paint technical conditions
Bicycle QB/T1714-1993 name and model of the compilation method
QB/T1880-1993 bike frame
QB/T2184-1995 pieces of anodized aluminum alloy bike technical conditions
QB/T2191-1995 bicycle reflector
3, the definition of
The criterion used by the following definitions
Electric bicycle electric bicycle
To the battery as a supplementary energy, has two wheels, able to realize human cycling, electric or electric assist bicycles special features.
4, Product Category
4.1 Classification principles and code
Electric bicycle wheel by the motor and transmission means between the two:
Shaft drive, code-named Z;
Chain drive, code-named L;
Belt transmission, code-named P; friction drive, code-named M;
Other drive, code-named Q.
4.2 Model methodology
Electric bicycle models methodology should be QB/1717-1993 the provisions of Chapter 5, and known as TD.
Type of electric bicycle, wheel diameter and the code shown in Table 1.
Wheel diameter mm Series
Type code 710 660 610 560 510 455 405
Men's A E G K M O Q
Women's B F H L N P R
Electric bicycle models express examples:
Wheel diameter is 560mm, F-type frame, shaft drive, factory design, order No. 15 of the electric bicycle, the model should be: TDL5Z
TD --- Electric Bike L --- M-type tractors and wheel diameter of 56 mm 15 --- plant design sequence number axis transmission Z ---
4.3 The main technical parameters and performance
Electric bicycle main technical parameters and performance indicators set see Appendix A (standard appendix).
In addition to the standards already laid down in the projects, the remaining items, selected by the manufacturing plant on its own.
5, the technical requirements
5.1 Overall the main technical performance requirements
5.1.1 the maximum speed
Electric bicycle is not greater than the maximum speed 20km / h.
5.1.2 Overall quality (weight)
Electric bicycle vehicle mass (weight) should be not more than 40kg.
5.1.3 the capacity of foot traffic
Electric bicycle must have a good functional foot ride, 30min away from the foot traffic should not be less than 7 km.
5.1.4 continued line mileage
A rechargeable electric bike continued after the trip mileage should be not less than 25 km.
5.1.5 Maximum Ride noise
Electric bicycle to the maximum speed for electric uniform when riding (to help move the electricity to 15 km/h--18 km / h speed electric assist cycling action) the noise should not be greater than 62dB (A).
5.1.6 Electricity consumption of 100 kilometers
With electric ride electric bicycle (electric help electric help moving to dynamic cycling), 100 km of power consumption should be not more than 1.2kw.h.
5.1.7 Motor Efficiency
Electric bicycle motor rated continuous output power should be not more than 240W.
5.2 Vehicle safety requirements
5.2.1 Braking Performance
Electric bicycle to ride at maximum speed electric (electric-assisted to 20 km / h speed electric ride to help move), do state their braking distance should be not more than 4 m, wet braking distance should be not more than 15 m.
5.2.2 Frame / fork combination of intensity
5.2.2.1 Frame / fork assembly impact strength
a) heavy Down: GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 7.1;
b) assembly Down: GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 7.2.
5.2.2.2 Frame / fork assembly vibration intensity
According to QB1880-1993 5. 4.2 male, female frame requirements.
5.2.3 handlebar
5.2.3.1 the riser safety line
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 6.2.
5.2.3.2 the riser torque
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.3 the riser static load
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.4 the horizontal pipe and the riser of torque.
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.5 the riser and riser torque fork
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.4 wheels
5.2.4.1 static wheel load
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions.
5.2.4.2 Wheel Clamping Force
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 9.4.
5.2.4.3 tire width
Electric bicycle wheels, tires should not be greater than the width of 45mm.
Technical requirements
GB17761-1999
Foreword
The standards apply to the battery as a supplementary energy, with two wheels, able to realize man-made cycling, electric or electric assist bicycles special actuating functions. The technical content of standards, including vehicle's main technical performance requirements, vehicle safety requirements, vehicle assembly requirements, vehicle appearance of the requirements of road vehicle requirements and specification requirements.
The standard technical requirements for the maximum speed of 5.1.1, 5.2.1 braking performance, 5.2.2 Frame / fork combination of strength for the mandatory provisions; the remaining provisions of the technical requirements are recommended.
Since the implementation of the standard date, China Light Industry Association released the original light standards QB/2302-1997 "electric bicycle safety general technical conditions" void.
The standards are the standards in Appendix A Appendix.
This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee Bicycle centralized.
The drafting of the standard units: Shanghai Institute of Bicycle Group.
The main drafters of this standard:
1, the scope of
This standard provides the definition of electric bicycle, product classifications, technical requirements, test methods and inspection rules. This standard applies to electric bicycle.
2, reference standards
The following criteria contained in the provisions of the passage of this standard reference and constitute the provisions of this standard. Time of publication of this standard, as shown in versions are valid. All of the standard will be amended to use the standards of the parties should explore the possibility of using the following criteria, according to the latest version of the possibility.
GB3565-1993 Bicycle safety requirements
GB/T3566-1993 bike assembly requirements
Bicycle GB/T12742-1991 Detect technical condition of equipment and utensils
Bicycle QB/T1217-1991 electroplating technology
QB/T1218-1991 bike paint technical conditions
Bicycle QB/T1714-1993 name and model of the compilation method
QB/T1880-1993 bike frame
QB/T2184-1995 pieces of anodized aluminum alloy bike technical conditions
QB/T2191-1995 bicycle reflector
3, the definition of
The criterion used by the following definitions
Electric bicycle electric bicycle
To the battery as a supplementary energy, has two wheels, able to realize human cycling, electric or electric assist bicycles special features.
4, Product Category
4.1 Classification principles and code
Electric bicycle wheel by the motor and transmission means between the two:
Shaft drive, code-named Z;
Chain drive, code-named L;
Belt transmission, code-named P; friction drive, code-named M;
Other drive, code-named Q.
4.2 Model methodology
Electric bicycle models methodology should be QB/1717-1993 the provisions of Chapter 5, and known as TD.
Type of electric bicycle, wheel diameter and the code shown in Table 1.
Wheel diameter mm Series
Type code 710 660 610 560 510 455 405
Men's A E G K M O Q
Women's B F H L N P R
Electric bicycle models express examples:
Wheel diameter is 560mm, F-type frame, shaft drive, factory design, order No. 15 of the electric bicycle, the model should be: TDL5Z
TD --- Electric Bike L --- M-type tractors and wheel diameter of 56 mm 15 --- plant design sequence number axis transmission Z ---
4.3 The main technical parameters and performance
Electric bicycle main technical parameters and performance indicators set see Appendix A (standard appendix).
In addition to the standards already laid down in the projects, the remaining items, selected by the manufacturing plant on its own.
5, the technical requirements
5.1 Overall the main technical performance requirements
5.1.1 the maximum speed
Electric bicycle is not greater than the maximum speed 20km / h.
5.1.2 Overall quality (weight)
Electric bicycle vehicle mass (weight) should be not more than 40kg.
5.1.3 the capacity of foot traffic
Electric bicycle must have a good functional foot ride, 30min away from the foot traffic should not be less than 7 km.
5.1.4 continued line mileage
A rechargeable electric bike continued after the trip mileage should be not less than 25 km.
5.1.5 Maximum Ride noise
Electric bicycle to the maximum speed for electric uniform when riding (to help move the electricity to 15 km/h--18 km / h speed electric assist cycling action) the noise should not be greater than 62dB (A).
5.1.6 Electricity consumption of 100 kilometers
With electric ride electric bicycle (electric help electric help moving to dynamic cycling), 100 km of power consumption should be not more than 1.2kw.h.
5.1.7 Motor Efficiency
Electric bicycle motor rated continuous output power should be not more than 240W.
5.2 Vehicle safety requirements
5.2.1 Braking Performance
Electric bicycle to ride at maximum speed electric (electric-assisted to 20 km / h speed electric ride to help move), do state their braking distance should be not more than 4 m, wet braking distance should be not more than 15 m.
5.2.2 Frame / fork combination of intensity
5.2.2.1 Frame / fork assembly impact strength
a) heavy Down: GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 7.1;
b) assembly Down: GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 7.2.
5.2.2.2 Frame / fork assembly vibration intensity
According to QB1880-1993 5. 4.2 male, female frame requirements.
5.2.3 handlebar
5.2.3.1 the riser safety line
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 6.2.
5.2.3.2 the riser torque
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.3 the riser static load
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.4 the horizontal pipe and the riser of torque.
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.3.5 the riser and riser torque fork
According to GB3565 - 1993 in the provisions of 6.5.
5.2.4 wheels
5.2.4.1 static wheel load
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions.
5.2.4.2 Wheel Clamping Force
GB3565-1993 in accordance with the provisions of 9.4.
5.2.4.3 tire width
Electric bicycle wheels, tires should not be greater than the width of 45mm.
development of motor vehicle insurance
Automotive vehicle insurance, that is, motor vehicle insurance, referred to as auto insurance, refers to motor vehicles as a result of natural disasters or accidents resulting from personal injury or property damage liability insurance as a commercial.
Refers to motor vehicles are motor vehicles, trams, battery cars, motorcycles, tractors, all kinds of special machinery vehicles, special vehicles.
Automobile insurance is a kind of property insurance in the field of property insurance, automobile insurance is a relatively young insurance, which is due to motor vehicle insurance are accompanied by the emergence and popularization of motor vehicles and the emergence and development. At the same time, and the modern motor vehicle insurance are different in the early stages of automobile insurance based on car-based third-party liability insurance risk, and gradually extended to the body, such as the risk of collision damage
Early 20th century, automobile insurance industry in Europe and the United States has been developing rapidly. In 1903, the United Kingdom created a "universal car insurance", and gradually developed into the professionalization of a large automobile insurance companies. ?
In 1906, was founded in 1901 the Auto Union has also set up its own "Auto Union Insurance Companies." ?
To 1913, auto insurance has been expanded to more than 20 countries, automobile insurance rates and underwriting methods are standardized basic. ?
1927 history of the development of motor vehicle insurance are an important milestone. The United States, Massachusetts, developed the world-famous compulsory Motor Vehicles (Liability) Insurance Law promulgation and implementation, indicating that the motor vehicle third party liability insurance to start from voluntary insurance to the statutory compulsory insurance mode. Since then, the statutory motor vehicle third party liability insurance will soon spread to all over the world. Third party liability insurance for a wide range of statutory implementation, greatly promoted the popularity of motor vehicle insurance and development. theft insurance, cargo insurance and other services have also developed
Refers to motor vehicles are motor vehicles, trams, battery cars, motorcycles, tractors, all kinds of special machinery vehicles, special vehicles.
Automobile insurance is a kind of property insurance in the field of property insurance, automobile insurance is a relatively young insurance, which is due to motor vehicle insurance are accompanied by the emergence and popularization of motor vehicles and the emergence and development. At the same time, and the modern motor vehicle insurance are different in the early stages of automobile insurance based on car-based third-party liability insurance risk, and gradually extended to the body, such as the risk of collision damage
Early 20th century, automobile insurance industry in Europe and the United States has been developing rapidly. In 1903, the United Kingdom created a "universal car insurance", and gradually developed into the professionalization of a large automobile insurance companies. ?
In 1906, was founded in 1901 the Auto Union has also set up its own "Auto Union Insurance Companies." ?
To 1913, auto insurance has been expanded to more than 20 countries, automobile insurance rates and underwriting methods are standardized basic. ?
1927 history of the development of motor vehicle insurance are an important milestone. The United States, Massachusetts, developed the world-famous compulsory Motor Vehicles (Liability) Insurance Law promulgation and implementation, indicating that the motor vehicle third party liability insurance to start from voluntary insurance to the statutory compulsory insurance mode. Since then, the statutory motor vehicle third party liability insurance will soon spread to all over the world. Third party liability insurance for a wide range of statutory implementation, greatly promoted the popularity of motor vehicle insurance and development. theft insurance, cargo insurance and other services have also developed
Meat grinder pictures
Meat grinder pictures, meat grinder machines.
Electric Meat Grinders pictures.
A meat grinder is a kitchen appliance for grinding, information and reviews on the best meats grinders.
Electric Meat Grinders pictures.
A meat grinder is a kitchen appliance for grinding, information and reviews on the best meats grinders.
High-voltage inverter
Inverter main circuit can be largely divided into two types: voltage source and current source type. Voltage source is to transform the DC voltage source for the exchange of the inverter, DC loop filter components are capacitors; current source type is to transform the DC current source for the exchange of the inverter, the DC loop filter components are inductors.
2, Why inverter output voltage and frequency changes in proportion?
Asynchronous motor is the motor torque and rotor flux of the current flow resulting from the interaction between the rated frequency, if the voltage must only reduce the frequency, then the magnetic flux on too large, the magnetic circuit saturation, motor current increases, serious motor when burned. Therefore, the frequency and voltage in proportion to change, that is to change the frequency of simultaneous control of inverter output voltage to maintain a certain flux motor to avoid the emergence of the phenomenon of magnetic saturation. This is the definition of VVVF. Here refers to the electric voltage of the line voltage or the RMS phase voltage.
3, motor-driven use-frequency power supply, the voltage drop in the current increase; for inverter-driven, if the frequency when the voltage drop also fell, then whether or not to increase current?
Frequency decreased (low), if the same power output, the current increase in torque under certain conditions, the current is almost unchanged.
4, the use of inverter operation, the motor starting current, starting torque how?
The use of inverter operation, with a corresponding increase in motor speed up the frequency and voltage, starting current is limited to 150% rated current the following (based on different models for 125% ~ 200%). Employment start-up frequency power directly, the starting current for the 6 ~ 7 times, therefore, will have the impact on electrical machinery. Using inverter drive can smoothly start (start-up time longer). Starting current for the rated current of 1.2 ~ 1.5 times starting torque for 70% ~ 120% rated torque; for a torque converter automatic enhancements, starting torque 100% or more, you can start with full load.
5, V / f mode What does this mean?
Frequency when the voltage drop V is also decreased in proportion, this issue has been in answer to 4 shows. Maintain the V / f constant control over asynchronous motor VVVF control the most basic way, it in the control of power frequency electric change at the same time control inverter output voltage, and both the ratio of V / f constant, thus enabling the motor to maintain a constant flux. Rated in the motor running, the motor stator resistance and leakage reactance voltage drop is relatively small, the motor terminal voltage and the induction motor equivalent-potential approximation.
This article is reproduced from the electrical network I love www.52d7.cn I love Electric - to create the most professional electrical network!
2, Why inverter output voltage and frequency changes in proportion?
Asynchronous motor is the motor torque and rotor flux of the current flow resulting from the interaction between the rated frequency, if the voltage must only reduce the frequency, then the magnetic flux on too large, the magnetic circuit saturation, motor current increases, serious motor when burned. Therefore, the frequency and voltage in proportion to change, that is to change the frequency of simultaneous control of inverter output voltage to maintain a certain flux motor to avoid the emergence of the phenomenon of magnetic saturation. This is the definition of VVVF. Here refers to the electric voltage of the line voltage or the RMS phase voltage.
3, motor-driven use-frequency power supply, the voltage drop in the current increase; for inverter-driven, if the frequency when the voltage drop also fell, then whether or not to increase current?
Frequency decreased (low), if the same power output, the current increase in torque under certain conditions, the current is almost unchanged.
4, the use of inverter operation, the motor starting current, starting torque how?
The use of inverter operation, with a corresponding increase in motor speed up the frequency and voltage, starting current is limited to 150% rated current the following (based on different models for 125% ~ 200%). Employment start-up frequency power directly, the starting current for the 6 ~ 7 times, therefore, will have the impact on electrical machinery. Using inverter drive can smoothly start (start-up time longer). Starting current for the rated current of 1.2 ~ 1.5 times starting torque for 70% ~ 120% rated torque; for a torque converter automatic enhancements, starting torque 100% or more, you can start with full load.
5, V / f mode What does this mean?
Frequency when the voltage drop V is also decreased in proportion, this issue has been in answer to 4 shows. Maintain the V / f constant control over asynchronous motor VVVF control the most basic way, it in the control of power frequency electric change at the same time control inverter output voltage, and both the ratio of V / f constant, thus enabling the motor to maintain a constant flux. Rated in the motor running, the motor stator resistance and leakage reactance voltage drop is relatively small, the motor terminal voltage and the induction motor equivalent-potential approximation.
This article is reproduced from the electrical network I love www.52d7.cn I love Electric - to create the most professional electrical network!
Machine tool design
Metal-cutting machine tool design thinking, design methodologies and design information. There are standard data, machine design, machine tool parts and components design, tooling design, electrical system, with common standards and the domestic machine tool machine tools and accessories part of their production Company.
Knowledge of the new book, the contents, concise and practical, into mechanical, electrical and fluid with the technical and economic management in one, is engaged in machine tool design, alteration, maintenance, management and scientific research, engineering and technical personnel, as well as professional institutions essential mechanism tool.
Contents
No. 1 General Standards Information
Chapter 1 and formulas commonly used information
Chapter 2 the general standard
Chapter 3, technical drawing and design documents
Chapter 4 limits and cooperation, tolerance and surface roughness of intercalated
Chapter 5 Engineering Materials
Chapter 6 fasteners and connecting pieces
Chapter 7 spring
Chapter 8 other pieces of
No. 2 Machine Tool Design
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Preliminary Design Tool
Chapter 3 Design of machine tool drive
No. 3 machine components design
Chapter 1 of the calculation to determine the conditions
Chapter 2 Belt Drive
Chapter 3 chain drive
Chapter 4 Cylindrical Gear
Chapter 5 Bevel Gear Drive
Chapter 6 worm drive
Chapter 7 servo feed system with position detection
Chapter 8 rolling bearing
Chapter 9 sliding bearing
Chapter 10-axis
Chapter 11 of the spindle components
Chapter 12 Lubrication and Sealing
Chapter 13 Coupling
Chapter 14 clutch and brake
Chapter 15 Tool CNC Lathe
Chapter 16 control agencies
Chapter 17 Guide
Chapter 18 Welding and Bonding
Chapter 19 Parts of the structure of the process
No. 4 Machine Tool Electrical System Design
No. 5 machine tool hydraulic system design
No. 6 Ways of Modern Design
Article 7 Technical and Economic and Management
Knowledge of the new book, the contents, concise and practical, into mechanical, electrical and fluid with the technical and economic management in one, is engaged in machine tool design, alteration, maintenance, management and scientific research, engineering and technical personnel, as well as professional institutions essential mechanism tool.
Contents
No. 1 General Standards Information
Chapter 1 and formulas commonly used information
Chapter 2 the general standard
Chapter 3, technical drawing and design documents
Chapter 4 limits and cooperation, tolerance and surface roughness of intercalated
Chapter 5 Engineering Materials
Chapter 6 fasteners and connecting pieces
Chapter 7 spring
Chapter 8 other pieces of
No. 2 Machine Tool Design
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Preliminary Design Tool
Chapter 3 Design of machine tool drive
No. 3 machine components design
Chapter 1 of the calculation to determine the conditions
Chapter 2 Belt Drive
Chapter 3 chain drive
Chapter 4 Cylindrical Gear
Chapter 5 Bevel Gear Drive
Chapter 6 worm drive
Chapter 7 servo feed system with position detection
Chapter 8 rolling bearing
Chapter 9 sliding bearing
Chapter 10-axis
Chapter 11 of the spindle components
Chapter 12 Lubrication and Sealing
Chapter 13 Coupling
Chapter 14 clutch and brake
Chapter 15 Tool CNC Lathe
Chapter 16 control agencies
Chapter 17 Guide
Chapter 18 Welding and Bonding
Chapter 19 Parts of the structure of the process
No. 4 Machine Tool Electrical System Design
No. 5 machine tool hydraulic system design
No. 6 Ways of Modern Design
Article 7 Technical and Economic and Management
Metal Cutting Machine Tool
Metal-cutting machine to be installed in the corresponding basis, is due to have the weight of machine tool and workpiece, the processing process has dynamic load will result in vibration, impact on equipment accuracy and life expectancy, the impact of product quality. Therefore, in order to ensure that the work of precision machine tools, in addition to guarantee the manufacture of precision machine tools, the basic quality of machine tools is also an important factor. One should consider the basic design of the basic requirements of (1) with the basic equipment required to adapt to the base and to ensure that the equipment installed by a solid and reliable. (2) have a basic enough strength and rigidity, to avoid severe vibration equipment to itself or the surrounding equipment processing accuracy and life expectancy will not be ultra-poor. (3) should have the basic stability and durability, to prevent groundwater and hazardous liquid erosion, does not guarantee the basic deformation or subsidence. Protective layer, if necessary, be added, such as the basic surface of asphalt, asphalt felt, such as mats. (4) based on product technology and easy to use basic elevation decisions to ensure the iron, cooling liquid, such as to facilitate discharge. Electrical equipment as much as possible a separate column under the plant, the frequent use of the area in the province. (5) large-scale equipment for basic, pre-installation of equipment in the best pre-pressure (pre-press equipment and the maximum weight of workpiece weight and 1.25 times). (6) adhere to basic conservation principles of design to maximize the savings of its materials and labor costs. 2 basic design is based on (1) equipment equipment manuals to provide the performance, main technical parameters, the electrical and auxiliary equipment such as pipe layout and fixed conditions. (2) basic equipment to bear all the static and dynamic load data. (3) Process equipment installation site layout plans, construction sites basic geological structure, hydrological conditions and soil type, composition and nature, and its data can be obtained from plant design data at the time of Geological Survey. 3 machine-based design (1) basic foundations are usually not subject to restrictions of natural soil types. Design strength is greater than 1kg/cm2 soil P can be used as basic foundation of general machine tools. (2) light machine (weight of less than 4 t) generally can be directly installed in the 150 ~ 200 mm thick concrete Pingshang. Heavy machine tools (such as vertical lathe, planer gantry, gantry milling machine, etc.), high dynamic load of machine tools (such as the Tau plane), on the ground vibration-sensitive precision machine tools (eg, jig borer, grinding machine, etc.) should be installed in a separate block-type basis.
Modular Machine Tool
Modular Machine Tool is based on generic components, together with the workpiece in accordance with a specific shape and design of a dedicated processing components and fixtures, composed of dedicated semi-automatic or automatic machine tools.
Combination of the use of multi-axis machine tools in general, multi-knives, multi-process, multi-faceted or multi-stage processing means at the same time, production efficiency than general-purpose machine tools to high several times a few times. As the generic components have been standardized and seriation, can be flexible configuration, can shorten the design and manufacturing cycle. Therefore, the combination of both machine tools and high-efficiency low-cost advantages of large, mass production to be widely applied, and which is part of automated production lines.
Combination of machine tool for processing the general Box-type or an extraordinary shape parts. Processing, the workpiece generally does not rotate, the rotary movement by the tool and tool and workpiece relative to the Progressive Movement, to achieve drilling, reaming, countersink holes, Reaming, boring, milling plane, internal and external thread cutting and processing Excircle and face, etc.. Some combination of the first gripping tool used for turning the workpiece so that rotation, by the tool for feed motion, but also realize some rotary parts (such as the flywheel, automotive rear axle, etc.) of the cylindrical and end-processing.
Twenty-first century since the 70s, with the turning tool, Micronesia-tooth milling cutter, Boring tool size automatic detection and automatic compensation technology, combination machine tool machining accuracy is also improved. Milling plane flatness up to 0.05 mm / 1000 mm, surface roughness can be as low as 2.5 ~ 0.63 microns; Boring accuracy IT7 ~ 6 level Distance precision of up to O.03 ~ O.02 micron.
Dedicated machine, with the rise of the automobile industry and developed. The dedicated machine due to the repeated use of certain parts, and gradually developed into a general-purpose components, resulting in a combination of machine tools.
A combination of the first machine is manufactured in the United States in 1911, and for the processing of auto parts. Initially, the machine tool factory GM parts have their own standards. Factories in order to improve different parts of the interchangeability of generic, user-friendly and maintenance of the United States in 1953 Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation and the United States machine tool factory in consultation identified a combination of machine tool components standardized general principle that strictly require that all links between components of size, but not provided for the structural components.
GM parts can be classified according to the functions of dynamic components, bearing components, transmission components, control components and auxiliary components of five categories. Driving force for the combination of machine tool components to provide the main movement and feed movement of the parts. Main driving force for me, the cutting head and power slides.
Support for the installation of dynamic components is a slipway with a feeding mechanism of the cutting head or fixtures and other components, has the side base between the base, frame, adjustable frame, column and column base and so on.
Conveyor components for the purpose of transmitting or workpiece spindle box position to processing components, the main rotary table who have degrees, the ring sub-degree rotary table, dividing drum and reciprocating mobile platforms.
Control unit is used to control machine tools, automatic working cycle components have hydraulic station, electrical cabinets and control panel and so on. Auxiliary components have lubrication devices, cooling devices and Chip devices.
In order to enable the combination of machine tools can be applied to small and medium-volume production, it often requires the application of group technology, similar to the structure and process components concentrated in a combination of machine tool processing, in order to improve the utilization of machine tools. This type of machine has two types of commonly available-for-box-type combination of machine tool spindle and turret machine tool portfolio.
Combination of the use of multi-axis machine tools in general, multi-knives, multi-process, multi-faceted or multi-stage processing means at the same time, production efficiency than general-purpose machine tools to high several times a few times. As the generic components have been standardized and seriation, can be flexible configuration, can shorten the design and manufacturing cycle. Therefore, the combination of both machine tools and high-efficiency low-cost advantages of large, mass production to be widely applied, and which is part of automated production lines.
Combination of machine tool for processing the general Box-type or an extraordinary shape parts. Processing, the workpiece generally does not rotate, the rotary movement by the tool and tool and workpiece relative to the Progressive Movement, to achieve drilling, reaming, countersink holes, Reaming, boring, milling plane, internal and external thread cutting and processing Excircle and face, etc.. Some combination of the first gripping tool used for turning the workpiece so that rotation, by the tool for feed motion, but also realize some rotary parts (such as the flywheel, automotive rear axle, etc.) of the cylindrical and end-processing.
Twenty-first century since the 70s, with the turning tool, Micronesia-tooth milling cutter, Boring tool size automatic detection and automatic compensation technology, combination machine tool machining accuracy is also improved. Milling plane flatness up to 0.05 mm / 1000 mm, surface roughness can be as low as 2.5 ~ 0.63 microns; Boring accuracy IT7 ~ 6 level Distance precision of up to O.03 ~ O.02 micron.
Dedicated machine, with the rise of the automobile industry and developed. The dedicated machine due to the repeated use of certain parts, and gradually developed into a general-purpose components, resulting in a combination of machine tools.
A combination of the first machine is manufactured in the United States in 1911, and for the processing of auto parts. Initially, the machine tool factory GM parts have their own standards. Factories in order to improve different parts of the interchangeability of generic, user-friendly and maintenance of the United States in 1953 Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corporation and the United States machine tool factory in consultation identified a combination of machine tool components standardized general principle that strictly require that all links between components of size, but not provided for the structural components.
GM parts can be classified according to the functions of dynamic components, bearing components, transmission components, control components and auxiliary components of five categories. Driving force for the combination of machine tool components to provide the main movement and feed movement of the parts. Main driving force for me, the cutting head and power slides.
Support for the installation of dynamic components is a slipway with a feeding mechanism of the cutting head or fixtures and other components, has the side base between the base, frame, adjustable frame, column and column base and so on.
Conveyor components for the purpose of transmitting or workpiece spindle box position to processing components, the main rotary table who have degrees, the ring sub-degree rotary table, dividing drum and reciprocating mobile platforms.
Control unit is used to control machine tools, automatic working cycle components have hydraulic station, electrical cabinets and control panel and so on. Auxiliary components have lubrication devices, cooling devices and Chip devices.
In order to enable the combination of machine tools can be applied to small and medium-volume production, it often requires the application of group technology, similar to the structure and process components concentrated in a combination of machine tool processing, in order to improve the utilization of machine tools. This type of machine has two types of commonly available-for-box-type combination of machine tool spindle and turret machine tool portfolio.
